1、阅阅读读理理解解解解题题技技巧巧之之 主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型 主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型 我们阅读一篇文章,首先是要了解其大我们阅读一篇文章,首先是要了解其大意,明确其主旨。因此,主旨大意题是常考意,明确其主旨。因此,主旨大意题是常考题。题。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题主题(main idea,mainly about)(main idea,mainly about),目的目的(purpose)(purpose)或或标题标题(title)(title)设题。设题。1)主题主题型型的题干形式的题干形式The main idea of the passage
2、 is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2)写作目的型写作目的型的题干形式的题干形式The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is to The author intends to.Whats the purpose of the passage?3)标题型标题型的题干形式的题干形式The
3、best title for the passage might be Which of the following is the best title of the passage?【设题形式设题形式】【如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题】1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题标题,标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的找准文章的主题句主题句是关键。是关键。“主题句定主题句定位法位法”是一种行之有效的方法。是一种行之有效的方法。3)记叙文通常没有主题句,需根据文章所记叙文通常没有主题句,需根据文章所述内容进行归纳,最后概括出
4、来的中心意思述内容进行归纳,最后概括出来的中心意思一定一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。或离题太远、太笼统。4)无明显主题句时找无明显主题句时找高频信息词高频信息词.“主题句定位法主题句定位法”主题句在段首主题句在段首 主题句在段末主题句在段末 首尾呼应首尾呼应主题句在短文中间主题句在短文中间(1)主题句在段首主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式,作者在首段常常亮出观点,表采用这种形式,作者
5、在首段常常亮出观点,表明立场。明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句所以要认真阅读段落首句。所以要认真阅读段落首句。【典题范析】1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.The main idea of the passage is _.A.Lungcanceristhe
6、No.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingD.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?A论证性细节论证性细节2.Zinc(锌)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodisco
7、verhowzincandotherelementswork.The best title for the passage may be_.A.ANewDiscoveryB.ZincandHealthC.HowZincWorksD.AddZinctoYourFoodB论证性细节论证性细节(2)主题句在段末主题句在段末有的主题句放到有的主题句放到文章的末尾文章的末尾,先摆出事实依据,先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,将主题引向高潮,起到层层推理论证,将主题引向高潮,起到总结作总结作用用,从而形成强有力的结论,从而形成强有力的结论,这就要求考生耐这就要求考生耐心地读完全文心地读完全文。【典题范析】1.
8、Infact,whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtofitusforlife,itmeansthatwemustbeeducatedinsuchawaythat,firstly,eachofuscandowhateverworksuitedtohisbrainsandability,andsecondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety,andthatisverybadtobeashamedofoneswork.Onlysuchatypeofeducationcanbeconsideredval
9、uabletosociety.The passage tells us about _of the education.A.themeansB.thesystemC.thevalueD.thetypeC层层推理论证层层推理论证2.Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorolo
10、gistscallthisthewatercycle.What is the main idea of the passage?_A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.D.Water,vapour,rain.A层层推理论证层层推理论证(3)首尾呼应首尾呼应为突出主题为突出主题,作者作者先提出主题先提出主题,结尾时再次点结尾时再次点出主题出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见见.通常通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发
11、展的意味的意味.【典题范析】(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom,afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagi
12、nationItdoesntmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But,nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream.What is the purpose of th
13、e passage?_A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.D(4)主题句在短文中间主题句在短文中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只通常前面只提出问题提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进而后又作进一步的解释一步的解释,支撑或发展支撑或发展.【典题范析】Inaworld
14、withlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources,theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.That
15、meansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries.Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.提出问题或现象提出问题或现象作进一步的解释作进一步的解释,支撑或发展支撑或
16、发展继续陈述细节或引申继续陈述细节或引申What is the main purpose of the passage?_A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.D3)有的文章的中心思想隐含在文中(尤其是记叙文),有的文章的中心思想隐含在文中(尤其是记叙文),让读者很难发现,这种情况难度较大,考生要通观全让读者很难发现,这种情况难度较大,考生要通观全文,分清主旨细节,进行归纳推理。文,分清主旨细节,进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等,分析文章的篇章结构,抓者的观点、态度、语气等,分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论,捕捉与题目住文章开头的
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