英语语法之动词.pptx

1、简单句并简单句并列句复合列句复合句句代词代词动词动词冠词冠词介词和连词介词和连词形容词和副词形容词和副词非谓语动词非谓语动词动词时态动词时态情态动词情态动词定语从句定语从句名词性从句名词性从句状语从句状语从句语法语法虚拟语气虚拟语气词法词法句法句法系动词系动词助动词助动词实义动词实义动词动词语态动词语态（主动、被动）（主动、被动）强调强调主谓一致主谓一致倒装倒装省略省略名词名词数词数词英语语法英语语法动词动词 by Ariel动词动词 动词的分类 动词的各种形式 动词的时态 动词的语态01020304动词一、动词的分类一、动词的分类四类：实义(行为)动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。1.实实义

2、义动词动词意义完整能够独立作谓语可细分为：及物动词和不及物动词1.1 及物动词及物动词(VT.必须必须跟宾语跟宾语，有被动态），有被动态）1）及）及物动词通常以表示人的物动词通常以表示人的名词或代词名词或代词为宾语：为宾语：His joke didnt interest me.She tried to comfort him.His speech angered the audience.2）以表示物的名词为宾语：）以表示物的名词为宾语：You can keep the book.“Brush your teeth!”mom said.3)及物动词可以跟“双宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语)，也可跟

3、“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。People give me their money.In England，people usually call me Jim for short.I found a small boy cry in the corner yesterday.1.1 及物动词及物动词(VT.必须必须跟宾语跟宾语，有被动态，有被动态）1.1 及物动词及物动词(VT.必须必须跟宾语跟宾语，有被动态，有被动态）间接宾语有时可以放到后面去（间接宾语有时可以放到后面去（give sth.to sb.句型）句型）由介词由介词to引起，变成介词短语引起，变成介词短语He handed h

4、is key to the teacher.She lent some money to her friend.常见动词：take,lend,sell,teach,give,grant,mail,offer,owe,post,etc.由介词由介词for 引起（引起（for 表示承受者）表示承受者）He bought a gift for his daughter.He played some ancient Chinese music for us.常见动词：book,bring,buy,cook,design,find,get,order,paint,keep,etc.扩展扩展带省略to的不

5、定式或现在分词-ing作宾补的动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。see sb.do/doing sth.区别在哪？带双宾语的动词有：give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read,return等。回顾to和for“短语动词”相当于实义动词，但意义往往与原动词有些差别，主要有：动词介词动词介词：相当于一个及物动词。如：look after“照顾”，look for“寻找”。动词副词动词副词：这类短语动词有的作及物动词，有的作不及物动词。如：ring up“打电话

6、”(用作及物动词)，look out“小心”(用作不及物动词)。动词副词介词动词副词介词：这类短语动词一律用作及物动词。如：do away with“去掉”，go back to“回到(某处)去”，go on with“与(某人)相处”。动词名词介词动词名词介词：这类短语动词也只能用作及物动词。如：take care of“照顾”，take part in“参加”。be形容词介词形容词介词：这类形容词包括起形容词作用的分词，也相当于及物动词。如：be ready for“做准备”，be full of“充满”，be interested in“感兴趣”。1.2 不及物动词不及物动词（VI.无宾

7、语，无被动态）Eg:Her back ached.The situation is deteriorating.(局势正在恶化)Birds fly.许多不及物动词表示运动或待在某处，后面常跟一个表示地点或方向的状语。The ship sailed westward.The river flows east into the sea.常见的这类词:come,drift,flow,glide,go,lie,live,remain,run,etc.2.系系动词动词有词义，但是不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成主系表结构说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份分类：状态系动词持续系动词感官系动词变化系动词 2

8、.1 状态系动词状态系动词只有be（is/am/are,was/were,to be,being,have been）动词，表示主语的状态。含义:-是什么，-怎么样，-在哪里Eg:我在教室里。Tom 和 lily是好朋友。Sally很漂亮。我昨天在学校。2.2 持续性动词持续性动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，有：keep;stay;remain等Eg：I hope youll keep healthy.He stayed single.2.3 表象系动词表象系动词表示“看起来好像”，有：seem,appear等。Eg:He seems(to be)quite happy.She appe

9、ared calm.2.4 感官系动词感官系动词表示：某物使人产生的感觉。look 看起来 sound 听起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 feel 感觉起来后加形容词He looks tired.This flower smells very sweet.This kind of cloth feels very soft.This cake tastes delicious.2.5 变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，有 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.Eg:He became mad.The girl grew thinner

10、and thinner.Soon the sky grew light.2.5 终止系动词终止系动词主要有prove,turn out(结果是，证明是)等Eg：His story proved false.The crops turn out well.注意：注意：注一注一下面句子中的come和go也是连系动词。如：The old mans dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。注二注二有些连系动词如seem,appear等后面常跟to be。如：The new text se

11、ens to be easy，but actually it is rather difficult.这篇新课文好像很容易，其实相当难。She appears to be the girls sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。3.助动词助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语。必须和其他动词连用，帮助其他动词构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。1.be(am/is/are was/were been being)2.have（has/had）3.do(does/did)4.will(would)&shall(should)3.1 BE,HAVE,DO(1)be 有am,is,are,was,were

12、,been,being等多种形式，可以构成：a.进行时态：进行时态：We are working.She has been reading a novel.How are you doing?b.被动语态：被动语态：What is the flower called?The road is being repaired.They have been given a warning.3.1 BE,HAVE,DO(2)have有有has,have,had三个形式，主要用来构成：三个形式，主要用来构成：a.完成时态完成时态：表示一段时间内已经完成的动作或存在的状况。Where have you be

13、en?We have finished our work already.She has gone to town.b.完成时态完成时态表示一段时间一直进行的动作。(完成进行时)What have you been doing?She has been teaching there for twelve years.He said he had been waiting for a reply.3.1 BE,HAVE,DO(3)do有do,does,did三种形式，可以用来：a.构成疑问句构成疑问句How do you like the weather here?Did you see yes

14、terdays film?b.构成否定句构成否定句She does not work here.We do not often go there.c.加强语气，用于强调句加强语气，用于强调句I do think you are right.She does feel that way.d.代替前面的动词以免重复。代替前面的动词以免重复。Do you know her?Yes,I do.I love flowers.So do I.She got there earlier than I did.3.2 SHALL,WILL,SHOULD,WOULDWill(would)和shall(shoul

15、d)一般用在构成将来时和过去将来时；Will(would)可用于一切人称。Will you be in tomorrow?I wont stay here long.Shall(should)用于第一人称做主语时的问句，用来征求对方的意见，较正式。Shall we stop over in Tokyo?Shall I help you?4.情态动词情态动词情态动词主要有：can/could，may/might，must，need，dare，will/would，shall/should等。本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、语气或情态等。不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态

16、动词多数没有人称和数的变化。情态动词分类情态动词分类只作情态动词的：can(could);must;may(might)既作情态动词又作实义动词的：need;dare既作情态动词又作助动词的：will(would);shall(should)具有情态动词的某些特征的：have to;had better 4.1 CAN的用法的用法表示能力，意为“能、会”；表示推测，意为“可能”；（cant表示“不可能”）表示请求允许，意为“可以”。以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用can和cant。练习：Look!The lights in the teachers office are still on.Is Mr.Li working?No.It _ be Mr.Li.I saw him leave just now.Amay notBmustnt Ccant DneedntTrees _ fight air pollution.They are natural air conditioners.Ashould Bmust Cneed DCan注意：Could 可以用作can的过去式