1、英语词性分类及用法一、词性的分类一、词性的分类词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。前面六类是实词:1、名词 nounn.student学生2、代词 pronounpron.you你3、形容词 adjectiveadj.happy高兴的4、副词 adverbadv.quickly迅速地5、动词 verbv.cut砍、割6、数词 numeralnum.three三后面四类是虚词:7、冠词 articleart.a一个8、介词 prepositionprep.at在.9、连词 conjunctionconj.and和10、感叹词 interjectioninterj.oh哦
2、英语句子成分(七类)一、主语(一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)高中将学习:Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语(二、谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.谓语最重要的是时态和语
3、态。TomwassenttoBeijing.三、表语(三、表语(predicative)跟在跟在系动词后面的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉).很多词可以做表语Heisateacher.(名词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Itsoundsagoodidea.Tomlooksthin.T
4、hefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.高中将学的表语Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“Impoor,Icantbuyaring.”(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)三、宾三、宾语语宾语分两类:动宾和介宾。跟在动词后面的宾语叫动宾,跟在介词后面的宾语叫介宾。Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Wesho
5、uldhelptheoldandthepoor.以上是动宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Theyarelookingforadog.这两句是介宾Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.这两句是双宾语:间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)高高中将学的宾语中将学的宾语Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)四、宾补四、宾补对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。特征:1、跟在宾语后面。2、补充说明宾语。Weelectedhi
6、mmonitor.(名词)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)五、主补五、主补对主语的补充说明。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.六、定六、定语(高考的重难点)语(高考的重难点)修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtote
7、achthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)高中将学的定语Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)七、状语七、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子的词叫状语。状语可 表示时间、地点
8、、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。Iwillgotheretomorrow.(时间)Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.(地点)Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.(原因)HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.(目的)Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.(结果)Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.(程度)Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.(条件)Hegoestoschoolbybike.(方式)Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.(让步)高中将增加表伴随情况的状语:Isleptwiththewindowopen.我开着窗睡觉。Shesaidgood-byewithtearsinhereyes.她含着泪水说再见。Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.他满脸是汗跑进屋来。
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