大学英语三级考试教程.ppt

1、大学英语三级考试教程英语阅读技巧识别难字（Word Attack Strategies)确认暗含意（indentifying the implied idea)得出推论（Making Inferences)理解论点（Reading Arguments)区别观点和事实（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion)找出作者意图(Identifying Authors Purpose)文章连贯(Text Coherence)概括主题(Recognizing generalizations)做结论(Making Conclusions)识别难字（Word Attack Strat

2、egies)阅读时你也许常会遇到生单词或短语，通过对文章内容的理解你有可能知道其含义比如，利用这句话其他单词，其他段落句子，或者按常理推断。这里有4种很典型的类型。识别难字（Word Attack Strategies)1.定义以及重述（Definition and restatement)For example:Modern medicine and new methods of food production allow adults to live longer and babies to survive,not die soon after birth.此时重述“not die”的使用

3、使我们得知survive(生存)的含义。同样在短语“that is”之后也常使用定义及重述，对前面生词解释。识别难字（Word Attack Strategies)2.具有相反意思的生词（Words with opposite meaning)For example:Most of us see everything as independent from one another.But the reality is that everything is part of one interconnected,interrelated whole.通过“but”，我们能推测interconnec

4、ted，interrelated一定与independent有相反的含义。识别难字（Word Attack Strategies)3.举例（Examples）For example：The simplest way to help the environment is not to impact on it.Tread as lightly as you can,taking as little as possible,and putting back as much as you can.Impact 能通过下一句的例子treading lightly,taking little and p

5、utting back much(轻走，不拿，多给）得出含义：影响，作用。识别难字（Word Attack Strategies)4.按常理（Common sense)For example:Trees bring water up from the ground,allowing water to evaporate into the atmosphere.按常理evaporate肯定是“to change from a liquid state to a gas”即：蒸发。确认暗含意（indentifying the implied idea)要明白作者声明以及暗含的相关含义，得首先回答两

6、个问题“What is the topic of the paragraph?”和“What does the author want me to know about that topic?”也许第二个问题的答案好找，文章中没现成的答案。那么，这就要推断作者的隐含义了。在含有隐含义的段落中，作者虽然不会明讲，往往会给出一些细节。此时，需要仔细阅读找出连接文章的接点。确认暗含意（indentifying the implied idea)For example:direct marketing today occurs either in the form of a direct respon

7、se,which requires a salesperson to complete the sale,or by direct order,which is a sale made without a personal sales call.More broadly,direct marketing is the selling of products without a shop,as with Avon.Com or Amway.Comproducts.Telemarketing,catalog shopping,personalized mailings,and trial offe

8、rs are all ways to conduct direct marketing.确认暗含意（indentifying the implied idea)What is the topic of the paragraph?Direct marketing What does the author want you to know about direct marketing?Direct marketing is the way online companies often conduct their business.得出推论（Making Inferences)推论不仅使我们明白作

9、者所意，还会使我们更能体会文章主旨。它要求我们通过表面的词句发现内含义，联系明示和暗示，得到作者没有直接表达的意思。得出推论（Making Inferences)在描述人物中For example:In the mirror john bell noticed that his hair was graying at the temples.As he picked up the morning paper,he realized that he could no longer see well at all without his glasses.Looking at the hands h

10、olding the paper he saw that they were wrinkled 从作者描述此人物方式，我们可推断他意识到自己正在变老了，但是作者并没讲明，全靠我们从作者提供的事实才能得知。得出推论（Making Inferences)理解论点（Reading Arguments)找到阅读材料的论点对于读者理解他的观点是很重要的。把作者的论点放在脑子里面，去找到其他的一些论据，能更好地把握作者的本意。理解论点（Reading Arguments)For example：If women are mercilessly exploited year after year,they

11、have only themselves to blame.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion,they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When

12、 you come to think of it,only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.理解论点（Reading Arguments)这个短文的论点很容易找到If women are mercilessly exploited year after year,they have only themselves to blame.那么剩下的部分都是用来支持他这个观点的了。区

13、别观点和事实（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion)事实是那些可以被确认的真是的声明。而观点用来表达主观感情，态度或信仰，有待确定是否真实。区别观点和事实（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion)For example:事实（Facts）1.The average American adults spend 25 hours per week on housework.2.U.S.military spending has increased over the past ten years.区别观点和事实（Distinguishing Fa

14、ct from Opinion)Opinions1.By the year 2020 tobacco should have become illegal,as various other drugs are currently illegal.2.If John F.Kennedy had lived,the United States would have become quite different.找出作者意图(Identifying Authors Purpose)要明白作者的意图，首先，应该弄清楚文章主要内容，作者的意图往往和内容相关。其次，根据内容不要妄加想象推测意图。因此，了解

15、文章的大意是掌握作者意图的关键。找出作者意图(Identifying Authors Purpose)下面是一些常见的用来表达作者意图，态度的词：positive（积极）;negative,（消极）neutral（中立）critical（批判）,doubtful（怀疑）,indifferent（漠然）concerned（关心）,pessimistic（悲观）,optimistic（乐观）,impartial（公正）,objective（客观）,subjective（主观）,ironic（讽刺）,polite（礼貌）,humorous（幽默）,etc.找出作者意图(Identifying Aut

16、hors Purpose)下列的问题可以对你找到作者的意图有些帮助：1.Who is the intended audience?2.What is the tone?3.What is the point of view?4.Does the author try to prove anything about the subject?If so,what?文章连贯(Text Coherence)连贯意味段落中句子意思地连贯表达。段落中句子或者在逻辑，或者在语法上是彼此联系的。通常，一个段落中所有的句子都应给予同样的关注。文章连贯(Text Coherence)For example:Now,in Austin,there were nightmares.I would dream either of friends being shot dead,or see pools of blood spilling from bullet-riddled bodies,or that I myself was the target of gunfire.I would wake up in