专题43 GrammarWriting高一英语人教版必修3.docx

1、专题43 Grammar Writing高一英语人教版必修3Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsGrammar：主语从句一、主语从句的概念与连接词作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：1. 从属连词that，whether。That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们的确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。

2、2. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。3. 连接副词 where, when, how, why。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。How and why he suddenly disappeared remains a mystery. 他怎么又为什么突然消失仍然是个迷。

3、【特别注意】连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it代替主语从句。连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以用形式主语it代替主语从句，也可直接放在句首使用主语从句。主语从句通常都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型：(1)It is + n. / adj. +从句It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是It is possible that. 很可能It is unlikely that. 不可能It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯

4、了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。(2)It +不及物动词+从句It seems/appears that. 似乎It happened that. 碰巧It seems that they have won the game. 似乎他们赢得了比赛。(3)It + be +过去分词+从句It is said that. 据说It is known to all that. 众所周知It is reported that. 据报道It is believed that. 据信；人们相信It is suggested that. 有人建议It must be pointed out that. 必须指出I

5、t has been proved that. 已证明It is believed that at least 20 buildings were damaged or destroyed. 据信，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。It is suggested that the meeting should be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly. 据报道，事故中三人丧生，五人重伤。It is known to all

6、 that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. 众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。二、主语从句三要素1. 从句用陈述语序How he became a great scientist is known to us all. 众所周知他是如何成为一名伟大的科学家的。2. 谓语动词一般用单数。当主语是从句时，主句谓语一般用单数。Whatever he says is of no importance. 无论他说什么都不重要。Whoever says that is wrong. 无论谁说这话都不对。【特别提醒】但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，

7、而要视句子的意义而定。What I need is money. 我需要的是钱。What I need are books. 我需要的是书。3. 通常不能省略关联词That he is the best student in the class is obvious. 很明显，他是班里最好的学生。三、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题1. 引导词that与whatwhat既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that.，常译成所的(东西、事情、话等)；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当

8、任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。What is done cant be undone. 已成定局，无可挽回。What we cant get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好。That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important. 我们应该制订一个计划来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。That a new teacher will come to teach us ge

9、ography is true. 一位新老师将来教我们地理，这是真的。2. 引导词if和whether(1)whether之后可以直接跟or not，而if 则不能。I dont care whether or not your car breaks down. 我不知道你的车是不是坏了。但是不可以说：I dont care if or not your car breaks down.(2)whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外)；而if则可以跟否定结构。I dont care if she doesnt come. 我不在乎她来不来。 但是，在某些动词或形容词

10、之后，则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子，这种结构往往表示肯定的含义。I wonder whether he doesnt think too much of himself.=I think he does think too much of himself. 我想他没有为自己考虑太多。(3)在个别动词之后，如discuss 等，只跟用whether引导的宾语从句。They discussed whether they should close the shop. 他们讨论是否应该关掉商店。 (4)whether 可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能。Im not interes

11、ted in whether theyll go or not. 我对他们会不会去不感兴趣。(5)whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能。I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 我不知道是要笑还是哭。(6)引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether，不用if。Whether it is true remains a problem. 这是不是真的还是一个问题。3. 其他引导词连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词when, where,

12、why, how等有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语。三、语气在It is necessary / natural / important / strange.+ that-clause这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用should +原形，表虚拟语气。It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. 这个问题必须马上解决。Its strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 他竟然没向我们说一声就走了，真是奇怪。四、以it作形式主

13、语的主语从句与强调句型的区别It be + adj./n. + that-clause与强调句型均有It be.that.之类的语言标志，但不同的是：(1)前者中的that从句是主语从句。若删掉其中的It be和that，则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子；但若将后者中的It be和that去掉，则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子。(2)强调句型译为汉语时可加上正是或就是之类的字眼，而主语从句则不可以。请比较下面两个句子：It is surprising that Mary should have won first place. 令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。It i

14、s Mary that has won first place. 正是玛莉得了第一名。第一句话中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，句中的It is和that无法删除，一旦删除，句子就不成立；第二句是强调句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因为没有It is和that句子仍然完整。用适当的连接词填空1. we will have the meeting hasnt been decided yet.2. she has made such a big mistake is unknown.3. It hasnt been made clear the new undergroun

15、d line is to be open to traffic. Its maybe next year.4. role he will play in the film hasnt been known.5. part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.【答案】1. Where 2. Why3. when 4. What5. Which . 句型转换1. That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us. he suddenly fell ill last month.2. W

16、hether they will sell the house hasnt been yet decided. they will sell the house.3. That light travels in straight lines is known to us all. light travels in straight lines. 单句改错1. When will we set off is still under discussion. 2. What he needs most are money. 3. When and where the meeting will be

17、held have not been decided. 4. That the coal workers are still alive are a wonder. . 七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Four-step Approaches to Managing AngerIf something happens that makes you feel angry, try these following steps. 1 Maybe it will help you prevent angry feelings from b

18、uilding up inside.Identify the problem. Start by noticing what youre angry about and why. 2 Ask yourself: Whats got you angry? Whats your feeling and why? You can do this either in your mind or out loud, but it needs to be clear and specific.Think of potential solutions. This is where you stop for a

19、 minute to give yourself time to manage your anger. Its also where you start thinking of how you might reactbut without reacting yet. Ask yourself: What can you do? Think of at least three things. 3 . This is where you think about what is likely to result from each of the different reactions you cam

20、e up with. Ask yourself: What will happen for each one of these options?Make a decision. This is where you take action by choosing one of the three things you could do. 4 Ask yourself: Whats your best choice? Once you choose your solution, then its time to act.Check your progress. 5 Ask yourself: Ho

21、w did you do? Did things work out as you expected If not, why not? Are you satisfied with the choice you made? Taking some time to reflect on how things worked out after its all over is a very important step. It helps you learn about yourself and it allows you to test which problem-solving approache

22、s work best in different situations.A. Learn to receive the fact.B. Its called a problem-solving approach.C. After that you should consider the consequences of each solution.D. Look at the list and pick the one that is likely to be the most effective.E. They help you cool down when you feel like you

23、r anger might explode.F. Put into words whats making you upset so you can act rather than react.G. After youve acted and the situation is over, spend some time thinking about how it went. 书面表达根据下面的中文提示写一篇短文。注意：尽可能运用本单元所学词汇。1.我昨晚做了个梦，梦见自己乘宇宙飞船进入火星，并在上面行走。2.返回陆地时，我的亲戚、朋友、学生为我欢呼喝彩，现场爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。3.当记者采访我，

24、问我如何掌握进入太空的技术时，我与他们分享了我的做法。4.首先，要注意在太空中的失重问题，否则你们既吃不成饭，也喝不了水。还要能忍受寂寞。5.其次还要注意，在火星上可能会与外星人发生冲突，因此需要注意自我保护。6.采访结束时，我建议：既然你们对太空那么感兴趣，何不自己试试呢？突然闹钟响了，我又回到了现实中。_1. (2017北京)23. Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoeverC. whomever D. whichever2.

25、 (2016北京)Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. WhoeverC. Whatever D. Wherever3. (2016江苏)It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. why B. what C. as D. that4. (2015北京) _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. Where

26、B. How C. Why D. When5. (2015大纲全国卷)Exactly_ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A. whether B. why C. when D. how6. (2015陕西) _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A. Why B. When C. That D. What. 句型转换1. It surprised us that2. It

27、hasnt been yet decided whether3. It is known to us all that. 单句改错1. will we改为we will2. are改为is3. have改为has4. 第二个are改为is. 七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何处理好自己的愤怒情绪。1.B 【解析】根据本空后的Maybe it will help you prevent angry feelings from building up inside.可知,它会帮助你防止愤怒的情绪堆积,此处的 it 指代的就是B项中的 a problem-solving approach

28、,故B项符合语境。2. F 【解析】根据本空前的Start by noticing what youre angry about and why.可知，要注意到是什么让你感到生气及你为什么生气，此处是对上一句话的解释说明，说的是一种具体的做法，故F项符合语境。3. C 【解析】根据本空后的This is where you think about what is likely to result from each of the different reactions you came up with.可知，现在可能是思考每一种你想到的不同解决方法可能造成的结果的时候了，此处是说要考虑每一种解

29、决方法带来的后果，故C项符合语境。4. D 【解析】根据本空前的This is where you take action by choosing one of the three things you could do.可知，现在是从你提出的三个方案里挑选其一而采取行动的时候了，此处承接上文，说的是从你的列表中挑选出一个最有效的方案，故D项符合语境。5. G 【解析】根据本空前的Check your progress. 可知，要检查你的进展，此处承接上文，说的是在采取行动之后，你要花一些时间思考一下事情的进展情况，故G项符合语境。. 书面表达Last night I had a dream that I entered t