初中英语语法全解全练中考英语语法专项复习动词分类及短语.docx

1、初中英语语法全解全练中考英语语法专项复习动词分类及短语中考英语语法专项复习 动词的分类及动词短语【中考解读】【考点分布】1.实义动词 2.连系动词 3.助动词4.情态动词【考点内容】掌握实义动词中及物动词和不及物动词的语法作用 和延续性动词的用法， 牢记连系动词和助动词基本用法及情态动词的辨析与运用。【命题趋势】1.考察在特殊语境中动词、连系动词、助动词及情态动词的运用 2.实义动词的词义辨析【动词定义】：表示动作和状态的词【动词分类】：动词按照其词义和在句中的作用可分为： 实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词一、系动词 系动词有一定的词义，不但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，

2、 说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。具体分类见下表类别功能例词表示状态的be动词表示主语所处的状态am,is,are,was,were表示持续的系动词表示主语继续或保持某种身份或状态keep,remain,stay,stand,lie表示感官的系动词表示人体感官的系动词look,feel,smell,taste,sound表示状态的系动词表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态become,get,go,grow,turnShe is a friendly girl and always gets on well with others.她很友好，总是能和别人友好相处。She becomes mor

3、e beautiful than three years ago.她比三年前漂亮多了。The window remained open all the night.这扇窗子整夜开着。The food in that restaurant looks delicious, but it tastes bad. 那家餐馆的食物看起来不错，但尝起来难吃。【注意】：（1）一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。 （2）表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时（feel除外）；变化系动词表示“渐渐”， 可用于进行时。Its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。同步练习The ora

4、nges _sweet.Of course. They are from Yongxing, Chenzhou.A. taste B. eat C. drinkWhy do you _ so upset?Because I didnt get the first place in the English competition. A. look B.sound C.smell D. feelKey:A,A二 、 助动词助动词：本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、语气、人称和数，构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。主要的助动词有be, do, does

5、did have, has shall, will等。1.助动词be助动词功能例句be现在进行时：am/is/are+现在分词Iamreadingabook.我正在看书。过去进行时：was/were+过去分词Iwascookingwhenmymomcameback.当我妈妈回来的时候我正在煮饭。被动语态：be+过去分词Theclockwasbroken.那个钟表坏了。2.助动词do助动词功能例句do构成疑问句、否定句（形式有do,does,did）DoyoucomefromJapan?你来自日本吗？加强语气Dobecareful!一定要小心点！代替主要动词Hecoulddanceaswella

6、shedidbefore.他舞跳得和从前一样好。构成否定祈使Dontsmokehere!不要在这里吸烟！3.助动词have/will/shall助动词功能例句have构成现在完成时IhavebeeninHongKongfortwodays.我在香港呆了两天。will/shall构成一般将来时HewillgotoAmericatomorrow.他明天将要去美国。Wesaidweshouldfinishtheworksoon.我们说过会很快完成那份工作的。同步练习Hello, Lisa. Whats the matter? I _find my mobile phone. _ you seen i

7、t? A.couldnt; Did B. cant; Have C. need ; Had D. must; AreWho _ the first paper in the world? Cai Lun_ A.invented;did B.was invented;was C.did invented ;was D.invented;was. “重要的事情说三遍” can be translated into “Important things must be again and again and again.” A. spoken B. repeated C. described D. i

8、ntroducedKey:B,A,B三 实义动词实义动词含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。 实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词1.及物动词之后要跟名词或代词等作宾语意思才完整及物动词+宾语 Could I use your computer?及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 Vegetables help you to keep in good health.【拓展】带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有： make sb do sth let sb do sth have sb do sth see sb. do sth watch sb. do sth hear sb.

9、do sth notice sb. do sth及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Tom lent me a book yesterday.【常见带双宾语的动词】： give /bring/buy/lend/get/leave/make/offer/pass/teach/tell/write/show等【拓展】 具有类似用法的还有：give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb. pass sb.sth.= pass sth.to sb.post sb.sth.= post sth.to sb. lend give sb.sth.= lend sth.to sb.offer sb.sth

10、.= offer sth.to sb. buy sb.sth.= buy sth.for sb.2.不及物动词不及物动词不能接宾语。Tom arrived last Sunday.He talks in a loud voice.【注】有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。She can sing English songs.(及物)She sings well.(不及物)2.不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，但不及物动词后往往跟一个介词，构成短语动词之后才能 跟宾语。 I often listen to music on weekends.(1).有些动词既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词Sh

11、e can sing English songs.(及物)She sings well.(不及物)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语，它相当于一个及物动词。1)动词+介词Tom is looking for his lost pen.What are you talking about?【注】此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。2)动词+副词When I grow up,Ill be a policeman to catch thieves.She dressed herself up before the party star

12、ted.【注】代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词前后均可。（动副短语代夹）3)动词+副词+介词Keep away from the dangerous building.Lets keep in touch with each other.。4)动词+名词+介词You should pay attention to your English speaking.Please help yourself to some fish.【注】这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语，宾语只能放在介词之后。5)be+形容词+介词He is interested in science.I

13、m surprised at the news.常考动词辨析1.pay, spend, cost与take易混词主语常用结构例句spend人sbspendtime/moneyonsth某人在某事上花费时间/金钱sbspendtime/money(in)doingsth某人花费时间/金钱做某事Hespendsmuchmoneyonbooks.他将很多钱花在买书上。pay人sbpaysomemoneyforsth某人为某物而付款；sbpayforsth某人为某物付钱，赔偿He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine. 他买药付给医生50英镑co

14、st事或物cost sth cost (sb) some money某物花费(某人)多少钱It costs you 12 pounds to go to London by ship.乘船到伦敦要花费你12英镑。takeitit takes sb some time to do sth 某人花费多长时间做某事It took me ten minutes to go to the post office. 我去邮局花了十分钟时间。同步练习What will the phone _？The same as you said, eight hundred dollars each.A. spend

15、B. cost C. pay D. afford Before stamps, people didnt _ for the letters they sent, but for the letters they received.A. pay B. cost C. spend D. takeIm sorry, Mr Hu. I _ my English exercise book at home. It doesnt matter. Please remember _ it here this afternoon. A. forgot; to bring B.left; to take C.

16、forgot; to take D.left; to bring How much does the TV _? Not too much. Its just a second-handed one?A. cost B. spend C. take D. pay forKey:BADA2.speak, tell, talk与say(1)say强调说话的内容或“(某处)写有”。 Say sth to sb I can say it in English. 我能用英语把它说出来。(2)speak 作不及物动词时，强调说话的动作；作及物动词时，后面加语言。Speak to sb The baby c

17、ant speak.这个婴儿不会说话。 speak English说英语(3)talk强调两人之间的谈话。 常见搭配：talk with/to sb 和某人交谈；talk about sth 谈论某事。(4)tell意为“告诉；讲述”，后面常接双宾语。Did you tell her the news?你把这个消息告诉她了吗？She is talking with Lucy in English.她正在用英语和露茜交谈。常考搭配tell sb a story 给某人讲故事 Tell sb sth 告诉某人某事Tell a lie 撒谎 tell the truth 说实话Tell sb (no

18、t) to do sth 告诉某人（不要）做某事Do you know why he didnt _ a word when he_to?Because he was to nervous. A. speak ; speaks B. say ; was spoken C . say ；spoke D. speak ; is spokenKey:C3.bring, take, carry, get, fetch同步练习Sam,my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you _it for me ? -No problem. A bring B fetch C take

19、 D carryIve left my keys in the meeting room. Please _them for me. All right. A. buy B. paint C. wash D. fetchIm sorry I left my homework at home.Shall I go and _ it? No,you neednt.Bring it here tomorrow.A. get B.send C.take D.passKey:BDA4.borrow, lend, keep单词意义常见搭配例句borrow借(进)borrowsthfromsb向某人借某物Y

20、ou can borrow this book from the library.你可以从图书馆借这本书lend借(出)lendsbsthlendsthtosb借给某人某物You mustnt lend this book to others.你不能把这本书借给别人。keep保留，引申为“借用”“sbkeepsth时间段”表示“某人借某多长时间”，也可与howlong连用You can keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两个星期同步练习Excuse me,can I_ your pen?Sorry,I have _ it to Bob.A.borrow;le

21、nt B.borrow;borrowed C.lend;borrowed D.lend;lentI _ 300 for the bike. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paidIt only _ me half an hour_ to school every day last term.A. takes; riding B. spent; to ride C. cost; walk D. took; to walk Where are you going? To the library. Ive finished reading this book, so Im

22、going to _ it. A. buy B. throw C. return D. borrow How long may I _ your dictionary? For one week. But it mustnt _ to others. A. keep, be lent B. borrow, lend C. lend, be borrowed D. have, borrowKey:ADDCA5.watch, look, see，read同步练习I prefer _TV to _books. A. watching；reading B. Reading；watching C .se

23、eing； watching D .watching；looking I _ an article about first aid.Its useful when I have an accident.A. read B.saw C.looked D.watched Key:AA6.look for, find, look up， find out(1)look for意为“寻找”，强调找的动作和过程。(2)find意为“找到，发现”，强调找的结果。(3)find out意为“查出，获知”，强调经过研究、调查而得。(4)look up “向上看，查字典”，跟代词作宾语时，代词放中间。 She

24、looked up and she saw many birds in the sky. 她抬头仰望，看见天空中有许多鸟儿。同步练习What is Amy doing?Shes _ her English book. A.looking B.looking for C.looking outWe need to do some research to _ the answer.A. find out B. look out C. hand out D. take out Could you tell me some information about the hotels in your co

25、untry? Why not _ on the Internet?A. look for it B. to look for it C. look it up D. to look it upMy mother is ill in hospital. I have to my grandparents at home.A. look for B. look at C. look up D. look afterKey:BACD7.wear/put on/dress词性及用法含义宾语其他wearv.表示状态穿着，戴着衣服、鞋、帽、围巾、领带、眼镜等1.puton的反义短语是takeoff；2.p

26、uton还可表示“上演”，3.takeoff也可表示“(飞机)起飞”。4.bedressedinbeinbewearing穿着；5.getdressed穿戴好；dressup(as)装扮成留着胡须Putonv.表示动作穿上，带上衣服、鞋、帽等dressv.表示动作给某人 穿衣服某人（或自己）同步练习She hurriedly_the child and took him down stair. A. put on B. wore C. dressed D. had onAlthough Lucy is only three years old,she is able to _ herself.

27、 A.put B.make C.wear D.dress Why are you a T-shirt? Youll probably catch a cold in this cold weather .A.wearing B. recycling C. pulling D. sellingKey:CDA8.attend， join， join in与take part in attend指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、去上课、上学、听报告等。如： join有两个用法：指加入某个党派、团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为“参军、入团、入党”等。 参加到某个人群中去，其结构为：join sb. in

28、(doing） sth.，根据上下文，in (doing） sth.中doing也可以省去。 join in多指参加小规模的活动，如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。如： take part in 指参加某项临时性的活动。如： (1)join表示加入某一党派或社会团体等组织而成为其中的一员。join in 意为“加入；参加(某种活动)”，表示“参加某人的某种活动”时， 可用join sb in (doing) sth。Will you join us in playing basketball?你愿意和我们一起打篮球吗？(2)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动， 重在说明句子主语参

29、加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。同步练习He _an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.A protected B produced C joined D receivedKey:C9.reach ，arrive 与get to词汇词性用法例句arrive不及物动词arrivein+大地方arriveat+小地方 He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天到了上海。reach及物动词reach+地方When did you reach New York? 你什么时候到纽约的？getto动词词组