英语：句子结构--简单句.ppt

1、英语句子概论 基本成分 附属成分 独立成分 省略成分 连接成分 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句 主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 （S+Vi）主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语(S+Vt+O)主语主语 系动词系动词 表表(S+LV+predicative)主语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 (S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补

2、语可以称为基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(直)宾语(间)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj.

3、/adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 主语补语主语补语She is happy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read t

4、he passage.There+beThere lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例 简单句的基本句型简单句的基本句型1.主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语A.表变化的表变化的:turn become get go fall growB.表状态的表状态的:be seem appear The cake tastes _.good C.表感官的表感官的:feel seem look sound taste smell D.表变化结果的：表变化结果的：become come prove turn E.表状态持续的：表状态持续的：stay keep

5、 remain continueIt comes after a time.easy2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 Tom died.Great changes have taken place.注意几个注意几个“发生发生”：happen take place break out occur-How old is she?-She has just turned 40.The play prove to be good.fall ill/lame/silent/asleepShe turned teacher but her brother became a doctor.3.主语主语+及

6、物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 We study English.We thought the plan over all the night.We are living a happy life.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 I gave him some money.或或 I gave some money to him.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补We think the job easy.We made him monitor.The teacher asks us to read English more.注意注意:省省toThe teacher letsmakes

7、have us read English more.We practise writing in English.(形容词做宾补形容词做宾补)(名词做宾补名词做宾补)(动词不定式动词不定式)(动名词做宾补动名词做宾补)一感一感,二听二听,三让三让,四看四看,半帮助半帮助 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构此结构为此结构为:主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+其它成分其它成分。及物动词（及物动词（Transitive Verb）后需跟有直接宾语，）后需跟有直接宾语，它可以有一个或两个宾语或复合宾语，它可以有一个或两个宾语或复合宾语，作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句。作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动

8、名词、不定式及从句。（很多动词既可以作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。）（很多动词既可以作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。）只有及物动词才有被动语态。应用过程中要注意时态、只有及物动词才有被动语态。应用过程中要注意时态、语态、人称和数。语态、人称和数。我有一块表我有一块表.他有一本书他有一本书.他们有自行车他们有自行车.昨天他买了一台电脑昨天他买了一台电脑.I have a watch.He has a book.They have bikes.They bought a computer yesterday.1.你英语讲得很好你英语讲得很好.2.他非常喜欢英语他非常喜欢英语.3.我们正在植树我们正在

9、植树.*4.小明上个月收到了一封来自美国的信小明上个月收到了一封来自美国的信.5.老师今下午将参加我们的班会老师今下午将参加我们的班会.You speak English very well.He likes English very much.We are planting trees.Xiao Ming received a letter from America last month.The teacher is going to join in our class meeting this afternoon.一一.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+名词名词/代词代词+状语状语.6昨晚我写了

10、一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。7这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。8他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。9那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。10Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。I wrote a letter last night.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.Jim cannot dress himself.He brings

11、me cookies every day.二二.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语(人人)+直接宾语直接宾语(物物)用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人朝着，向着，对着某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示表示为了某人，替某人为了某人，替某人(buy,do,make,draw)。She made a beautiful dress for me.但若要但若要先说出先说出直接宾语（事物），直接宾语（事物），后说后说间接宾（人）间接宾（人）则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：如：He brings cookies t

12、o me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.常跟双宾语的动词有（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有（需借助to的）的）:1bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的的:）2 buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。等。11.父亲将为我买个随身听父亲将为我买个随身听.12.他已把真相告诉我他已把真相告诉我.13.你能

13、借我你能借我5元钱吗元钱吗?14.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。15奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。My father will buy me a walkman.He has told me the truth.Can you lend me five yuan?Mr Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.16.请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？17.他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。

14、18.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？19.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。20.他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the conductor the ticket Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour.He bought his mother a new coat with his first mon

15、ths salary.三三.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+动名词动名词 只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep on,look forward to、enjoy、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、cant help、miss。I have just finished doing my home work.I suggested asking his brother for some money.He keeps

16、buying expensive maps.He must have more than 200 by now.21.请你把你的英汉词典借我用一下，好吗？请你把你的英汉词典借我用一下，好吗？22.我建议换一种方法试一试？我建议换一种方法试一试？23.我们应该经常练习说英语我们应该经常练习说英语.24.我已经打扫完教室了我已经打扫完教室了.25.我禁不住大笑起来我禁不住大笑起来 Would you mind lending me your English Chinese dictionary for a while?I suggest trying it in a different way.We should often practise speaking English.We have finished cleaning the classroom.I cant help laughing.三三.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+动词不定式动词不定式 英语中能以不定式作宾语的动词有很多英语中能以不定式作宾语的动词有很多.常见的有常见的有:like,want,wish,hate,prefer