英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型.ppt

1、句句 子子 成成 分分 分分 析析主语主语主语主语(Subject)(Subject)是全句谈论的中心话题是全句谈论的中心话题是全句谈论的中心话题是全句谈论的中心话题找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充当当当当v1.Mr.Chen is a well-known scientist.v2.He works very hard at schoolv3.To go to a good university is his first goal.v4.Doing morning exer

2、cise is good for your health._名词名词代词代词不定式不定式V-ing谓语谓语谓语谓语(Predicate)(Predicate)是回答主语做什么是回答主语做什么是回答主语做什么是回答主语做什么,怎么了，位于主语后怎么了，位于主语后怎么了，位于主语后怎么了，位于主语后v1.We love China.v2.We have finished reading this book.v3.He can speak English.v4.She seems tired._1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。2、复合谓语：（、复合谓语：

3、（1）由情态动词或助动词）由情态动词或助动词加动词相应形式构成。加动词相应形式构成。（2）由系动词加表语构成。）由系动词加表语构成。_英语中哪些成分可以充当宾语英语中哪些成分可以充当宾语英语中哪些成分可以充当宾语英语中哪些成分可以充当宾语v1.We often help him.v2.He likes to play basketball.v3.We enjoy listening to the music.v4.She said that he felt sick.v5.They are talking about the new student._代词代词名词名词V-ing从句从句注意注意

4、:位于介词之后的成分也被称之位于介词之后的成分也被称之为宾语为宾语._宾语宾语宾语宾语(object)(object)是动作的对象是动作的对象是动作的对象是动作的对象,目标目标目标目标 ;位于及物动词位于及物动词位于及物动词位于及物动词后后后后.宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明是对宾语进行补充说明是对宾语进行补充说明是对宾语进行补充说明宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语复合宾语复合宾语复合宾语v1.They elected John monitor.v2.We call him Iron Ox.v

5、3.The doctor told me to do more exercise.v4.They made her happy.v5.He is going to have hair cut.v6.They saw a bird flying in the sky._ _哪些动词后需接复合宾语的？哪些动词后需接复合宾语的？ask/tell/teach/help/order sb to do let/make/have sb dov常见的连系动词常见的连系动词vbe动词动词v感官动词：感官动词：feel(摸上去摸上去),smell(闻起来闻起来),taste(尝起来尝起来),sound(听起来听

6、起来),look(看看起来起来),seem(似乎是似乎是),appear(似乎、显得似乎、显得)等。v持续系动词持续系动词:remain(依然依然),keep(保持保持),stay(保持保持)等v变化系动词变化系动词:become(变成变成),turn(变成变成),grow(变得变得),go(变得变得)，get(变得变得)等。v终止系动词终止系动词:prove(证明是证明是)表语位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表表语位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表表语位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表表语位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表结构，说明主语的状态结构，说明主语的状态结构，说明主语的状态结构，说明主语的状态,性质

7、等性质等性质等性质等.v1.I am a teacher.v2.They are on the playground.v3.My job is teaching English.v4.It gets cold.v5.It sounds interesting._定语定语定语定语是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当v1.The black bike

8、 is mine.v2.She is a chemistry teacher.v3.The man in blue is my brother.v4.The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.v5.The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher._形容词形容词介词介词短语短语V-ing从句从句名词名词_定语定语定语定语说明名词特点说明名词特点说明名词特点说明名词特点,性质性质性质性质;状语状语状语状语则说明则说明则说明则说明 动词何如何动词何如何动词何如何动词何如何.v1.We of

9、ten help him.v2.I really dont like the food.v3.He did his homework carefully vat home.v4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.v5.When I grow up,I am going to be a doctor._频率副词频率副词程度副词程度副词方式副词方式副词介词短语介词短语_不定式不定式 介词短语介词短语从句从句基本句型基本句型1：主谓结构：主谓结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常常用来表示主

10、语的动作。用来表示主语的动作。如：如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were eating.6.Weak build

11、ings will fall down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化4 419191919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。5 5每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。6 6这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。She went home very late yesterday.The meeting will last two hours.

12、Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.Classes begin at eight every day.This box weighs five kilos.v7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。v8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。v v9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。v v10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。My grand

13、father gets up early in the morning.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.I lived in Beijing five years ago.基本句型基本句型2：主谓宾结构：主谓宾结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语构成宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如如：1.Tom made a hole in

14、 the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching English two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.7.Mother promises to give me a present.巩固练习：巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。他们

15、成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.v6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。v v7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。v8我们大家都相

16、信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。v v9.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。v10.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.Jim cannot dress himself.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.He did not know what to say.Do you mind my opening the window?巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长。冬季白天短，夜晚长。2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.