高考英语阅读理解猜测词义.ppt

1、猜测词义猜测词义 高三专题复习高三专题复习高三专题复习高三专题复习阅读理解之一阅读理解之一阅读理解之一阅读理解之一“得阅读者，得高分得阅读者，得高分”让我们一起努力，让我们一起努力，征服阅读，战胜高考！征服阅读，战胜高考！Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?LookthemupinthedictionaryIgnorethemandcontinuereadingGuessthemeaning33 3词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断词义猜测题主要是测试考

2、生利用上下文判断单单单单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，的能力，的能力，的能力，以及以及以及以及itititit，theytheytheythey，themthemthemthem等判断指代内容，做此类题目，等判断指代内容，做此类题目，等判断指代内容，做此类题目，等判断指代内容，做此类题目，考生要学会考生要学会考生要学会考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜顺藤摸瓜顺藤摸瓜顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证上下取证上下取证上下取证”，通过构，通过构，通过构，通过构词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文

3、等线索来确词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义。定词义。定词义。定词义。词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考点。是阅读理解题中的难点。是同学们的易错点。点。是阅读理解题中的难点。是同学们的易错点。点。是阅读理解题中的难点。是同学们的易错点。点。是阅读理解题中的难点。是同学们的易错点。20152015年考试说明介绍阅读理解部分有可能会考年考试说明介绍阅读理解部分有可能会考查

4、对词组或短语在上下文的词语猜测查对词组或短语在上下文的词语猜测年份年份20112012201320142015题数题数12(1个短语）个短语）1（短语）（短语）3（1短语）短语）1对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对短语或句义的猜测对短语或句义的猜测对代词的猜测对代词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测ManyUnitedNationsemployeesareManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglotspolyglots:Mr.:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesflue

5、ntly.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobably“polyglot”mostprobablymeansmeans“_.”“_.”对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatherIhadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadanxietyhadcloudedcloudedherjudgment.(04herjudgment.(04全国卷全国卷全国卷全国卷)“cloud”cloud”means“_.”mea

6、ns“_.”通晓数种语言的人通晓数种语言的人通晓数种语言的人通晓数种语言的人使模糊，混淆，搅浑使模糊，混淆，搅浑使模糊，混淆，搅浑使模糊，混淆，搅浑考查熟词的引申义或一词多义在特定场合的意思考查熟词的引申义或一词多义在特定场合的意思lThe biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic.If you ask your brain to learn,it will learn.(07四川卷)lBy saying“the brain at

7、any age is highly plastic”,the writer means the brain can be _.A.used B.mastered C.developed D.researched对句义的猜测对句义的猜测77 7(2013(2013四川卷四川卷四川卷四川卷B B篇篇篇篇)Two12yearoldboy,Christianand)Two12yearoldboy,ChristianandJack,rowedoutaboattosearchforafootball.OnceJack,rowedoutaboattosearchforafootball.Oncetheydr

8、owedbeyondthecalmwaters,abeachumbrellatheydrowedbeyondthecalmwaters,abeachumbrellatiedtotheboatcaughtthewindandpulledtheboatintotiedtotheboatcaughtthewindandpulledtheboatintoopenwater.Thepairpanickedandtriedtorowbacktoopenwater.Thepairpanickedandtriedtorowbacktoshore.Buttheywerenomatchforshore.Butth

9、eywerenomatchforit itandtheboatwasandtheboatwasoutofcontrol.outofcontrol.36.Whatdoes“it”inParagraph2referto?36.Whatdoes“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebeach.B.Thewater.A.Thebeach.B.Thewater.C.Theboat.D.Thewind.C.Theboat.D.Thewind.D D对代词的猜测对代词的猜测词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1The underlined word/phrase“_”i

10、n the third paragraph means_.2The underlined word“_”in the second paragraph can be replaced by_.3Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word“_”in the last paragraph?4The underlined word“_”in the fourth paragraph refers to_.生活生活常识常识上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义

11、词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?高分秘笈高分秘笈1.Definition定义法定义法3.Similarity相似法相似法2.Contrast对比法对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法因果法5.Example例举法例举法8.CommonSense普通常识普通常识6.WordFormation构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context上下文上下文1.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：定义法：一般通过定义、定语一般通过定

12、义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。A.fragileB.softC.weakD.strong2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.(n.牧羊人牧羊人)1212123.(2013四川卷四川卷E篇篇)“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrainspeaktoeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear，”Dr.Garfinkelsaid.49.Whichofthefollowi

13、ngisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism”inParagraph6?A.Order.B.System.C.Machine.D.Treatment.B B 通过标点符号来下定义通过标点符号来下定义 使用破折号，引号，冒使用破折号，引号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容3.Theywillbeonthenightshiftfrommidnightto6a.m.nextweek.由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到“night shift”night shift”意思为意思为“夜班夜班”。1.1.定

14、义法定义法定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇等词汇或破折号来表示或破折号来表示Guess the Meaning of the Word小小结结2.Contrast对比法：对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有表示对比的词有but、while、however、otherwise等。等。1.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissent

15、ed.2.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.punctualB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA(disagreed)lTests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies.lA.baby rats B.ani

16、mals lC.old rats D.grown-up ratslMy mind was in a million different places.Thanks to the strict training,Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident.lA.she was absent-mindedlB.she was nervous lC.she was excited lD.she was curious表转折关系的词常有如表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise,though on the contrary等。等。小结小结2.2.对比法对比法3.Similarity相似法：利用同义相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。词、近义词或词组猜测词义。1.Cleaningupwaterwaysisangigantictask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynot