初中英语定语从句课件.pptx

1、定语从句定语从句 概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子的句子.(Attributive(Attributiveclause)clause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,girl,叫做定语从句叫做定语从句Maryisagirl.Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary

2、isagirlwhohaslonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,which,who,whom,whose,thatwhose,thatWhere,whenWhere,whenWhyWhy 关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句qq普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.SheI have a sister.Sh

3、e works in Shanghai.works in Shanghai.代替代替 sistersister 普通代词：只起代替的作用普通代词：只起代替的作用 I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.关系代词：关系代词：1.1.代替先行词代替先行词;2.2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来）因为关系代词在定语从句中代

4、替主句中的先行因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。注注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The womanwho/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is mymother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实叙述客观事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时)(从句从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting ye

5、sterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)e.g The building which stands by the river is our school 关系词判关系词判 断断 步步 骤骤:vv 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whosewho,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物。如果先行词指物,关系关系代词可用代词可用whichwhich或或that;that;vv 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先

6、行词主格主格宾格宾格所有格所有格人人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich who,whom,whose,thatwho,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.whowho作定语从句的主语或宾语作定语从句的主语或宾语.ThemanwhoisspeakingattheThemanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.meetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.The

7、manisspeakingatthemeeting.分解分解作主语作主语 WhomWhom作定语从句的宾语作定语从句的宾语ThewomanwhomtheywantedThewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.tovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解分解作宾语作宾语 whosewhose作定语从句的定语作定语从句的定语.IknowthegirlwhosemotherisIknowt

8、hegirlwhosemotherisateacher.ateacher.分解分解Iknowthegirl.Iknowthegirl.Thegirlsmotherisateacher.Thegirlsmotherisateacher.作定语作定语 thatthat可以作定语从句的主语和宾语可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theyThewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.wantedtovisitisateacher.定语从句中需注意事项定语从句

9、中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,that,而不宜用而不宜用whichwhich1.1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修饰修饰时时 This is the most interesting story(that)I This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.have ever heard.The first meeting(that)we will take part The first meeting(that)we will take par

10、t in will be held in the afternoon.in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是先行词是 something,nothing,anything等等不定代词不定代词时时 Here is something(that)I will tell you.3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see.4.4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one,one of,the one,或用或用 l

11、ittle,much,little,much,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,the same,the last the same,the last 作修饰时作修饰时 Is it the one that you want?Is it the one that you want?I havent got much that I can offer you.I havent got much that I can offer you.5.5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 w

12、howho或或whichwhich时，用时，用thatthat Who is the woman that was praised at Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?the meeting?只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。eg.Mary has a book,which is very precious.2、在介词之后。eg.This is a house in which lives an old man.3、当主句中的主语被 that修饰时。eg.That dog which I found in th

13、e street belongs to Mary.只用只用 whowho的情况的情况 1).1).先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,thoseanyone,someone,those时，关系时，关系词使用词使用whowho Is there anyone who wants to go there?Is there anyone who wants to go there?2).2).在在there be there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用whowho There is an old man who wants to see you.There

14、 is an old man who wants to see you.1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kev

15、inisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that 关系副词关系副词 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。在句中作状语。where:在从句中作地点状语在从句中作地点状语,指代地点指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。why:在从句中作原因状语在从句中作原因状语,指代原因指代原因Idontknowthereasonwhyhecamesolate.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirs

16、tmetJenny.Thisistheofficewhereheworked.关系副词when,where,why 和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。Learn to make a summary定语定语从句从句1.两个句两个句 子子3.先行作出两决定先行作出两决定4.两类只用莫相忘两类只用莫相忘 关系代词关系代词 从句谓语动词形式从句谓语动词形式1.只用只用that不用不用which（4）2.只用只用which不用不用that（2）主句主句 从句从句 2.两个词两个词 先行词先行词关系代词关系代词.用用that,who,which或或whom填空填空1.Alicelikessingers_writetheirownmusic.2.Generally,oldpeoplelikemusic_isquietandgentle.3.Thegirl_youm