直接引语和间接引语专练.docx

1、直接引语和间接引语专练直接引语与间接引语讲解与练习一、如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照 主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引

2、号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：宾语从句中的时态：(总的原则：主句和从句的时态要前后呼应)、含有宾语从句的复合句中如果主句的时态是现在时态（包括

3、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），从句的时态跟据实际需要而定。如：I know (that) he lives here. I know (that) he lived here 10 years ago. I have heard (that) he will come.、含有宾语从句的复合句中如果主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去过完成时，过去将来时等），那么从句的时态也必须用过去时态中的一种。现在时需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：1)She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost

4、 a pen2)She said. We hope so. She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。 She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth mo

5、ves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang s

6、aid he was born on April 20, 1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 -He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. You had better come have toda

7、y。 -Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before） 地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that), 如： He said, These books are mine. -He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said,

8、Our bus will arrive in five minutes. -She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, Can you swim, John? -He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. -My mother asked me whether I had

9、finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? -He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner?- She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not)

10、 to do sth.句型。如: Dont make any noise, she said to the children. -She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.-She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如： He said, Lets go to the film. -He suggested

11、going to the film. 或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语变为间接引语（宾语从句）一、 直接引语变成间接引语的几个例子： The teacher told us, “The earth is round.”- The teacher told us (that) the earth is round.(2)Tom said to me yesterday, “ I like reading books.”- Tom said to me yesterday (that) he likes reading b

12、ooks. Lily told me, “ I want to go shopping.”-Lily told me (that) she wanted to go shopping.(4) He asked me ,“who is the woman ? -He asked me who the woman was . (5) I asked Tom, “ Where does John live? -I asked Tom where John lived.(6)He asked me, “ What can you play?” -He asked me what I could pla

13、y.(7)I asked Lucy, “Are you watching TV?”-I asked Lucy if she was watching TV . (8)He asked me, “Do you have any paper?”- He asked me if I had any paper.(9)They asked the boy, “Can you speak English?”-They asked the boy if he could speak English.二.填空1.He says “I like bananas very much.” -He says (th

14、at)_.2.Where does he work ? -I dont know _.3.He asked me “Are you a student ?” -He asked me _.4.He told me “I have been to Japan twice.” -He told me (that)_.5.He asked me “when will you go to Beijing? -“He asked me _.6.He said，Where is she going？ _7.He said，Where does she live？ _8.Who lives next doo

15、r？he said _9.What happened？she said _10.He saidWhere is the station？ _11.He asked，What have you got in your bag？_12.He said，Mary，when is the next train？ _13.He said，Why didnt you put on the brake？ _14.She said，What do you want？ _15.Is anyone there？he asked _16.Do you know Bill？he said _17.Did you se

16、e the accident？the policeman asked_18.Do you want to insure your luggage or not？he asked_19.Do you want to go by air or sea？the travel agent asked_20. He said，Lie down，Tom_三.选择1. He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you

17、 seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please close4.

18、“I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D.

19、spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A

20、. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was

21、 getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to doHe

22、said，Where is she going？他说：“她要上哪儿去？”间接问句：He asked where she was going他问她要上哪儿去。A 把直接问句变为间接问句时，需作下列改变：时态、代词、所有格形容词、时间副词和地点副词的变化与陈述句中的变化相同。动词的疑问式变成陈述式；在间接问句中不加问号（？）：He said，Where does she live？他说：“她住在什么地方？”相当于：He asked where she lived他问她住在什么地方。如直接问句针对主语提问，则此种变化显然是没有必要的（参见第55节）：Who lives next door？he sa

23、id他说：“谁住在隔壁？”相当于：He asked who lived next door他问谁住在隔壁。What happened？she said她说：“发生了什么事？”相当于：She asked what had happened她问发生了什么事。B 如果引导动词是say，则必须换为表示询问的动词，如ask，in quire，wonder，want to know等：He saidWhere is the station？他说：“车站在哪里？”相当于：He asked where the station was他问车站在什么地方。ask，inquire，wonder也可用在直接引语中，但

24、这时通常位于句尾：Where is the station？he inquired“车站在什么地方？”他问道。C ask之后可以接说话的对方（间接宾语）：He asked，What have you got in your bag？他说：“你的包里装的是什么？”相当于：He asked（me） what I had got in my bag他问（我）我的包里装的是什么。但在inquire，wonder，want to know之后不能有间接宾语。因此，如想要转述提及说话对方的问句时就必须用ask：He said，Mary，when is the next train？他说：“玛丽，下一班火车

25、是几点的？”He asked Mary when the next train was他问玛丽下一班火车是几点的。如果我们用inquire，wonder或want to know，就必须省去间接宾语Mary。D 如果直接问句是由（when，where，who，how，why等）疑问词开头的，则必须在间接引语中重复这些疑问词：He said，Why didnt you put on the brake？他说：“你怎么没刹车呢？”相当于：He asked（her）why she hadnt put on the brake他问（她）怎么没刹车。She said，What do you want？她

26、说：“你们想要什么？”相当于：She asked（them）what they wanted她问他们想要什么。E 如果没有疑问词，则必须用if或whether：Is anyone there？he asked他问道：“那儿有人吗？”相当于：He asked ifwhether anyone was there他问那儿是否有人。1 通常这两个词都可以用，但if要比whether更普遍些：Do you know Bill？he said他说：“你认识比尔吗？”相当于：He asked ifwhether I knew Bill他问我是否认识比尔。Did you see the accident？t

27、he policeman asked警察问：“你看到那起事故了吗？”相当于：The policeman asked ifwhether I had seen the accident警察问我是否看到那起事故了。2 whether可用于强调对某事必须做出选择：Do you want to go by air or sea？the travel agent asked旅游商问：“你想乘飞机走，还是想乘船走？”相当于：The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea旅游商问我是想乘飞机走，还是想乘船走。请注意whether or not的用法：Do you want to insure your luggage or not？he asked他问：“你的行李要保险吗？”相当于：He asked whether or not I wanted to in