中考英语语法考点复习动词动词词组.docx

1、中考英语语法考点复习动词动词词组透析中考英语语法动词、动词词组考点【语法概说】【动词及动词词组命题趋势与预测】根据对动词和动词词组部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1、 动词和动词词组辨析。2、 常用动词于名词、副词、介词构成的短语动词的基本含义和引申义。【考点诠释】一、 对表示状态变化的系动词的考查 英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有 get ， turn ， turn out （结果是）， go ， come （成为）， fall ， become 等。 【考例】 The number of giant pandas is getting _ b

2、ecause their living areas are becoming farmlands. （年江苏盐城）A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer【解析】 答案为C。句意为“大熊猫的数量越来越少因为他们的生存空间正逐渐变成农场”。本题中四个选项都是“比较级+ and + 比较级”的结构，表示“越来越”。主语为number，只能和large或small搭配。而结合句意可判断答案为C。-I am getting _each month. I cant put on my j

3、eans. -Im afraid you have to take exercise every day. 河南省A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest答案B。解析本题考查形容词的比较级。根据句意要用比较级而heavy的比较级是heavier，故选B。【考例】The food in that restaurant _delicious，but it tastes bad 沈阳市A looks Bfeels C becomes Dgets答案A。解析从下句but it tastes bad，“但尝起来很差”，可推知选A：那家餐馆的食物

4、看起来不错。 【考例】一What do you think of the music，Fred?一It _wonderful台州市Asmells B. looks Ctastes Dsounds答案D。 解析系动词的用法常见的系动词有四个“起来”(smell，look，taste，sound)，四个“变得”(turn，grow，become，get)以及feel，be等。音乐应该是“听起来”，其余三项不合句意。It is said that no one bought that kind of fruit一Thats trueIt tasted_.浙江Agood Bterrible Cwell

5、 Dterribly答案：B解析：根据第一个人说“据说没人买那种水果”可知，它尝起来不好吃。taste是连系动词，其后接形容词，故选B。一Do you know the final of mens singles will be played between Wang Liqin and Ma Lin?YesI felt _when I heard the _news. 黄冈Aexciting；excited Bexcited；exciting Cexciting；exciting Dexcited；excited答案：B解析：当主语是人时，要用excited来修饰；用来修饰物时，要用exci

6、ting，故选B。Hi，mumHave you cooked fish for dinner? I can _it 河南Ataste B. smell Cfeel Dtouch55答案：B解析：由句意“妈妈，你做好鱼了吗?”故“我能闻到昧了”，应选B。【考例】Hi, mum. Have you cooked fish for dinner? I can _it. 河南省A. taste B. smell C. feel D. touch答案B。解析本题考查词义辨析。因为是问妈妈是否做了鱼，如果看到、尝到鱼了，就不会这么怀疑了。 smell是闻到的意思。二、对表示状态存在的系动词的考查 常见的有

7、 be, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, keep, taste, remain, prove, stay, lie （处于某种状态）， stand （处于某种状态）等。 【考例】Carl felt _because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. 安徽省A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried答案B 。解析考查形容词词义。根据句意“获奖是值得高兴、自豪的事情”，应选proud。三、对动词的考查【考例】After the

8、y passed their exams, they _by having a party沈阳市A succeeded Bcelebrated Cprepared Dreceived答案B 。解析由于通过了考试，所以他们通过聚会的方式来庆祝，celebrate庆祝。I am sure that he is_ a lie. 广东省A. saying B. talking C. speaking D. telling答案D。解析本题考查四个“说”动词的区别say强调说话的内容；talk为不及物动词，意为“交谈”；speak后接某种语言时为及物动词，作“说话，发言”讲时为不及物动词；tell为及物动

9、词，当“告诉，讲，说” 等，经常和story，lie等连用，构成“讲故事”、“说谎”等短语，故本题选D。How long does it _ you to wash all the dishes? 成都市A. take B. use C. spend答案A。解析本题考查词义辨析。“干某事用了某人多少时间” 用spend或take。而spend主语必须是人根据it takes sb some time to do sth结构可知应选A。 I visited many places including the History Museum last Saturday; When I_ at the

10、 hotel, it was very late. 太原市A. got B. reached C. arrived答案C。解析本题考查三个“到达”的用法。get后接地点名词时要加介词to；reach是及物动词，其后可以直接跟地点名词；arrive是不及物动词，后接地点是“小地方”时可与 at连用；后接地点是“大地方”时可与介词in连用。此题空格后有介词at，故应该选C。I am greatly interested in this painting. Something in it _the painters deep love for nature. 河南省A. expresses B. d

11、iscusses C. expects D. imagines答案A。解析本题考查词义辨析。 express有“表达”的意思，符合本题的要求。In the 49 world Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛)，Wang Liqin_ Ma Linand _the champion(冠军)of the Mens Singles芜湖市Abeat; beat B. won；won C beat; won Dwon; beat答案C。解析考查易混词的辨析 动词beat后跟人或球队等，而win后则跟比赛、奖项等。9一why do Chinese people like red?

12、 Because they think it can _them good luck.浙江省Acarry B. bring C. make Dtake答案B。解析考查carry，take与bring的区别carry搬，携带；bring带来；make制作，使；take带走，由句意“因为他们认为它能给他们带来幸运”，故选bring。四、 对动词词组的考查动词短语是高考考查的一个热点，几乎每套题中都要设置2-3个考查动词短语的。从题设上看，主要有以下几种形式：1不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，look，put，set，turn，ta

13、ke，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over，等。1）动词+away构成的短语有：throw away扔掉；put away把收拾好；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；runaway，潜逃；跑开；go away走开等。【考例】 2）动词+for构成的短语有：answer for负责；provide for供养；call for提倡，要求；plan for打算，为计划；hope for希望，期待；ask for请求，寻找；需要；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；w

14、ait for等待；look for寻找等。【考例】 3）动词+on构成的短语有：Try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上演；have on穿着，戴着；pull on穿，戴；hold on不挂断，停止；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上(车、船)；come on赶快等。【考例】 4）动词+over构成的短语有：come over过来；hand over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克服，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；turn over翻转等。【考例】 5）动词+

15、up构成的短语有：bring up抚育，培养；call up召唤，打电话给；come up走进，上来；cut up切碎：fix up. 修理；give up放弃；go up上升，增长；grow up长大；look up尊敬；向上看；查寻；make up虚构；弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up捡起，(开车)接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创(纪录)；send up发射；show up揭露，露面；turn up出现，把调高一点；take up占据，开始从事等。【考例】She has to _some of her hobbies because she has no time

16、to spend on them. 太原市A. give up B. look up C. pick up答案A 。解析本题主要考查动词短语的用法。A项是“放弃”，B项是“抬头看；查询”，C项是“捡起”。根据后句意思：她没有时间花费在他们身上。推知空格处应选择“放弃”。临沂More and more foreigners want to _their companies in ChinaAopen up Blook up Cclean up Dpick up52答案：A解析：open up意为“成立”，look up意为“查找；cleanup意为“打扫于净；pick up意为“捡起”。用ope

17、n up 最合适。故选A。6）动词+out构成的短语有： go out出去，熄灭；look out留神，当心；walk out走出；set out出发，开始：put out扑灭，生产；give out发出，发表；hand out分发；pick out挑选：find out找出，发现；speak out大声地说出；turn out生产，打扫；get out出去，离开；work out计算出，解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，start out出发，动身等。2同一个动词。后面加上不同的小品词(即介词或副词)： 常见的这些动词有：break，die，call，cut，

18、come，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。1）break+介词副词的短语有：break down击败，摧毁；发生故障，(身体)垮掉；break out爆发；break through突破，突围；break off中断，突然停止；break up打碎；分解；驱散；break in打断；break into破门而人；break away突然离开；逃脱；脱离等。 2）bring+介词的短语有：bring about使发生；bring back拿回来，使恢复；bring down打倒，降低；bring in引进；bring out出版，生产；b

19、ring up培养，养育；bring over使相信，征服等。3）call+介词副词的短语有：call after以的名字命名；call back叫回，召回，使回忆起；call up征召入伍，给某人打电话，使想起；call on号召，拜访某人call in召集；call off取消等。4）come+介词副词的短语有：come in进来；come from；来自于；come about产生；come over过来：come out出来，出现；come by从旁经过；come up上来，走进；come across偶遇；come along发生，进步；come after跟着来；come back

20、回来；come around恢复知觉；回来；come down下来，倒塌等。【考例】 5）cut+介词的短语有： cut in插嘴，插入；cut across抄近路；cut back减少；cut off切断；cut up切碎，cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削减等等；cut out切掉，裁剪出，停止；cut throug通过，穿过等。【考例】 6）get+介词副词的短语有：get about传播；走动；get through到达，做完，通过，度过，打通(电话)；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展，融洽相处；get off下车，下来；get across通过，被理解；ge

21、t along进展，融洽相处；get away离开，脱身等。【考例】Dont _while the bus is moving，or you may hurt yourself and even someone outside07南通市Aget on B get up Cget off Dget in答案C。解析 句中提到了bus，上车是get on，下车是get off，确定答案在A与C中。再由后面的someone outside(外面的人)可知，这儿说的是下车。Wake up，NickIts time to_，or youll be late for school温州Aget up Bge

22、t back Cget away Dget off答案：A解析：本题考查动词短语的用法。由题意“到了起床的时间了，尼克，否则你会迟到”，故选A。7）give+介词副词的短语有：give up放弃；give in屈服，投降；give away赠送，捐赠；泄漏；give over移交，交出，give off放出，发出，排出；give out分发，散发，放出(光，热)；give back归还等。【考例】 8）go+介词副词的短语有：go ahead着手，开始(做)，进行；go along 进展，前进；go around到处走动；顺便访问；go away离去，走开；go beyond超过；go by过

23、去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜欢；go off离开，停止；go over复习，温习；go through经历，穿过等。【考例】 9）1ook+介词副词的短语有：look after照顾，照料；look away把目光移开；1ook around环顾；look at看；look down朝下看；look for寻找；look into调查；look out当心；look through浏览，检查；等。【考例】-Excuse me, Mr Li, I dont know the meaning of the whole sentence. What shall I d

24、o? 成都市 -Youd better first _the new words.A. look for B. look up C. look through答案B。解析本题考查词义辨析。此处look up意为“查阅”(词典等)。look for寻找；look through浏览。Kate didnt go to the movie last night because she had to _her sick dog at home. 陕西省A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after答案D。解析考查词组的的含义。 四个选项中A项表示“看”；

25、B项表示“仰视”或“查找”；C项表示“寻找”；而根据句意，只有D项“照看”符合题意。10）take+介词/副词的短语有：The plane _at three oclock in the afternoon. 广东省A. takes off B. takes away C. takes out D. takes down答案A。解析本题考查四个动词短语的区别。 题意为“飞机在下午三点钟起飞”。故应选A。take off是同定搭配，意为“脱下；起飞”等；而take away是“带走，拿走”的意思；take out意为“取出，拿出”；take down是“写下，记下”之意。11)turn+介词副词

26、的短有：turn aboutround(使)向后转，回头，转身；turn against(使)反对(某人)；turn away转过脸去，拒绝；turn back往回走；turn down调低，关小，拒绝；turn in上缴，上交；turn into(使)变成；turn off关掉；turn on打开；rum out熄灭，生产；turn to求助于，转向；turn up调高，到达，出现等。【考例】 11）put+介词副词的短语有：put aside把放在一边，积蓄；put back把放回原处；put down放下，镇压；put forward提出，建议；put in放进；put off迟，拖延；

27、put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演，put out生产出，出版；put up举起，张贴等。【考例】After eight hours hard work，the firemen finally _the forest fire 07连云港市 Aput away Bput out Cput down Dput in答案B。解析本题考查词义辨析。 put away收起来放好；put out熄灭；put down放下；put in放进去。宾语为“森林大火”，所以用put out。12）begetbecome+过去分词形容词+介词的短语有：be dressed in穿着；be fond of爱好，喜爱

28、；be lost in沉溺于；be located in位于；be addicted to沉溺于be used to习惯于；be curious about对好奇；be engaged in忙于，be glad to乐意；be convinced of确信，认识到；be aware of意识到；be worried about担心等。【考例】 13）动词+副词+介词的短语有： add up to合计达；break away from从脱离开；come up with想出；catch up with赶上；get down to开始认真地做某事；go in for参加，追求；keep away f

29、rom远离；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍；run out of用完；watch out for当心；look down upon瞧不起；go ahead with开始，着手；go along with一起去，同意；hold on to坚持等。【考例】Though their parents work in faraway cities to make money，those“stay-home children can _themselves台州市 Alook out of B come up with Ctake care o

30、f D catch up with答案C。解析本题考查词义辨析。 look out of向外看；come up with想出take care of照顾catch up with赶上。句意为“虽然他们的父母在遥远的城市里工作赚钱，但那些留守的孩子能照顾好自己”。-Do you have this kind of MP4?-Sorry，we _yesterdayYou can come next week. 南宁市Awrote them down B. tried them on Ctook them off D sold them out答案D 。解析从问句可知是买MP4，所以答语为“对不起，昨天卖完了”。Write down写下来；try on试穿；take off脱下；sell out卖完。只有D项符合题意。3。动词不同，小品词也不同。【考例】Dont _