容易混淆的常用动词辨析.docx

1、容易混淆的常用动词辨析容易混淆的常用动词辨析(1)say, speak, talk, tell 的用法。1)say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。He said he would go there. Its time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.2)speak 表示 “讲话 ”，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上 各种语言作为宾语。 Do you speak English? May I speak to Mr. Pope, please?3)talk 表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与 to , about, w

2、ith等连用，才可以接宾语。 What are you talking about? Mr. Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.4)tell 表示“告诉，讲述 ”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。She told us an interesting story yesterday.My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.(2)look, see, watch 和 read 的用法。1)look 强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词

3、，常与 at连用，然后接宾语。Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?2)see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。They canst ee the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?3)watch 指的是 “观看”， “注视 ”之意。The twins are watching TV now. He will go to watch

4、a volleyball match.4)read指“看书 ”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。Don t read in the sun. I like to read newspapers when I am free.(3)borrow, lend 和 keep 的区别。1)borrow 意思为 “借入 ”，常常与 from 连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完 成的动作。 Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.May I borrow your dictionary?2)lend 是“借出 ”之意，常常与 to 连用，同 borrow

5、 一样，是非延续性动词，只表 示瞬间即能完成的动作。Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr. Li. Could you lend us your radio, please?3)keep是“保存 ”的意思，动作可以延续。How long can the recorder be kept? The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4)bring, take, carry 和 get 的用法。1)bring 意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处 “带来”。Bring me the book, please. May I

6、bring Jim to see you next Saturday?2)take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里 “带来”或“拿到”某处之意。 It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you. Mother took the little girl to the nextroom.3)carry 是“带着、搬运、携带 ”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提 着的含义，不表明来去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag? The box is heavy. Can you carry it?4)get是去某处

7、将某物拿回来。Please go to my office to get some chalk. There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?(5)wear, put on 和 dress 的区别1)wear 是“穿着 ”戴“着 ”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴 首饰等，强调 “穿着”的状态。Tom always wears black shoes. He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.She doesnt like to wear a red flowers in her

8、 hair.2)put on是“穿上 ”戴“上 ”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴 的动作。Its cold. Youd better put on your coat.He put on his hat and went out of the room.3)dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有 “穿着”打“扮”的意思。作 “穿着”解时， 只用于穿衣服， 不用于穿鞋、 戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时， 它的宾语是人， 不是衣服。 dress sb. (给某人穿衣服)，而 wear 作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词， 但它的宾语是物，不是人，即 wear sth.(穿着衣物)。S

9、he always dresses well. Get up and dress quickly.Mary is dressing her child.(6)take, spend 和 use 的用法。1)take 指做某事用多少时间， 句型是： It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work. It will take you a while week to travelthrough the forest.2)spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或

10、钱。句型是：Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.He didn t spend much time on his lessons. He spent much time (in) correcting students exercises.3)use 表示使用工具、手段等。Do you know how to use the computer? Shall we use your car(7)reach, get 和 arrive 的

11、区别。1)reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。After the train had left, they reached the stationWe reached the top of the mountain at last.2)get是不及动词，常与 to 连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时， 不用 to， get to 常用于口语中。When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.My sister was cooking when mother got home.3)arrive 是不及物动词，

12、 表示到达一个小地方时， 用 arrive at, 到达一个大地方时 用 arrive in 。The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.1. 误 She laid down and soon fell asleep.正 She lay down and soon fell asleep.析 考试中常出现的是易混动词 lay 放，lie 躺，lie 说谎。它们的过去时、过 去分词和现在分词变化如下：lay （放） laid， laid ， laying （及物动词

13、 ）lie （躺 ） lay， lain， lying （ 不及物动词 ）lie （说谎） lied， lied， lying2.误 Please rise your hand.正 Please raise your hand.析 rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如： The sun rises in the east而. raise是及物动词。3.误 I like to swim very much, but I dont like swimming this afternoon.正 I like swimming very much, but I dont like to swim

14、 this afternoon.析 like 作为 喜欢 讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多 表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。 但 要注意的是 like 与 would 连用时则一定要接不定式， 如：Would you like to go with me? 再有一点要注意的是， like 作为介词 像讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。4.误 Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?正 Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?析 hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而 listen to

15、的侧重点为听的倾向， 如： listen! Do you hear someone calling help?这样的词还有 look 与 see。它们的侧 重点也不同， look 重于看 的倾向，而 see重于看见没看见。5.误 Did you watch some film recently?正 Did you see some film recently?析 英语中 see 与 watch 各有不同的用处， see 用于看电影、剧目，而 watch 用作看电视和看球赛。6.误 Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.正 Look. A

16、beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.析 hang 有两个含义， 挂，它的过去时与过去分词是 hung， hung; 绞刑 ，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为 hanged， hanged。7.误 How long can I borrow this book?正 How long can I keep this book?析 借在英文中有三个词， 借入，即 borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library? 借出，如： I can lend my bike to you. 借多久要用 keep, 因

17、 为 borrow 与 lend 都是截止性动词，而 keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it?8.误 We have won your class.正 We have beaten your class.析 win 是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、 战争、奖品、奖金。而 beat 的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如： We won the game.9.误 I left my key.正 I forgot my key.正 I left my key at home.析 leave是丢下，其后一定要接地点状语，而 forget 其后不要接地点状 语。10.误 O

18、h! Its raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.正 Oh! Its raining outside. Please take the rain coat with you.析 bring 为“带来”如：Next time bring your little sister here.而 take为“带走”， fetch为“去某处取什么回来 ”，如： Please fetch some coffee for us 要熟记的是在初中课文中与 take 有关的词组， 如： take away 拿走 take back 收回 tak

19、e down 取下 take off 脱下 take out 拿出 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下 take one sp lace 替代 take a look 看看 take turn 轮流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take ones temperature测 量体温11.误 The policeman reached to his home.正 The policeman reached his home.析 reach作“到达”讲时是及物动词，如： I reached the hotel at 830 作 为到达

20、讲时还有 arrive （in+大地方）（at较小的地方 ）和 get to.要注意的是与 get 有关的词组有： get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车 get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达 get ready for=be ready for get on well with 与人相处融洽 get 加比较级为变得如何，例如： get colderand colder.12.误 This dictionary spent me five dollars.正 This dictionary cost

21、me five dollars.析 英文中的 花费有 4个 spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中 spend 与 pay所在 句中的主语应为人， 如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dollars for the book.而 cost与 take的主语则是事物， 如：It takes me two years to finish this book.13.误 In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.正 In summer I always slee

22、p with the windows open.正 I always sleep with the windows closed.析 要注意 open是动词也是形容词，而 close 则要用其过去分词作形容词。14.误 Please wait a minute. Im having on my clothes.正 Please wait a minute. Im putting on my clothes.析 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作 两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有 have on, wear在, 用法上 have on 不宜用进行时态， 它多用一般时态，如：

23、 She has on a new school dress.而 wear 则多用进行时来表 示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweate在r. 表示动作的词中 put on 是常用的一词。 dress用作动词当 穿衣讲时其后宾语不应接衣物， 而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldnt dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容 词，如： He is dressed in white.15.误 My computer cant begin. Could you find someone to h

24、elp me?正 My computer cant start. Could you find someone to help me?析 begin与 start均可指开始，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins （starts） at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用 begin 而要用 start, 当作机器开动、发动 讲，如： My car cant start. There must be something wrong with it. 作为 旅途开 始 讲，如： We should have to start early. There was a lot of tr

25、affic on the road.16.误 Im very glad because I have founded my lost key.正 Im very glad because I have found my lost key.析 find 是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是 found, found，而 found 又是另外一词 建立，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是 founded , 如： The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.17.误 Please. Lets speak in English.正 Please

26、. Lets speak English.正 Please. Lets talk in English.18.误 Can you speak it English?正 Can you say it in English?析 英文中 “说”有 4 个常用词 say, tell, speak, talk其. 中不及物动词有 speak 和 talk ，如：I want to talk with you. We are talking about the new film.而 speak其后 接语言时是及物动词， 其他情况是不及物动词。 say 与 tell 是及物动词， 其中 tell 常用双宾语

27、， 如：Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。 如： Tell the truth.19.误 Are you look for you book?正 Are you looking for you book?析 此句含助动词 are，且是主动语态，因此 look 的后面应该加 ing。在 初中阶段学习与 for 有关的词组有：ask for 请求 care for 关心 look for 寻找 wait for 等待 send for请人 pay for 付款 search for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 准备 thank someb

28、ody for something 为某事向某人道谢。20.误 Are you understanding it? Yes, I got it.正 Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.析 understand这一词没有进行时态， 如同感观动词 love、hate I got it 是 美语，即 I understood it。要记住 get 作为到达讲时是不及物动词， 如：Ill get to the school at 8 a. m. 初中范围常用与 to 有关的动词词组如下： belong to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指

29、着 get to 到达 look forward to 期望 agree to 同意21.误 The meat has become badly.正 The meat has become bad.析 英语中 go, get, become, turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动 词应被看作系动词。22.误 The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.正 The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.析 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是 过去时，则宾语从句中

30、的时态应与之呼应。 但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化 的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。23.误 Ill come to see you as soon as Ill be back.正 Ill come to see you as soon as I am back.析在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来， 如：I should tell him when he came back.24.误 I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.正 I want to know whether you will come

31、to my party tomorrow or not.析 在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。 要注意的是如果宾语从 句中仍有状语从句时， 依然要用一般现在时表示将来， 如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow youll come here or not.25.误 What did you do at eight last night?正 What were you doing at eight last night?析 在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行 的动作要用过去进行时，如： I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday29.误 This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries. 正 This is our new English teacher. He has been to