英语简单句的五种基本句型.ppt

1、英语的基本句型 1.主语主语(Subject)表示句子说的是表示句子说的是“什么人什么人”或或“什么事什么事”。通常由名词、代词、主语从句或通常由名词、代词、主语从句或doing短语等充当。短语等充当。例如：例如：1.My teacher hates telling lies.（指老师这个（指老师这个人）人）2.Great changes have taken place in China in the past thirty years.所发生的事情所发生的事情 变化）变化）2.谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”“是什么是什么”或或“怎么样怎么样”。通常由动词或动

2、词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。要弄清两个概念：要弄清两个概念：及物动词：后面直接接宾语的动词；及物动词：后面直接接宾语的动词；不及物动词：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。不及物动词：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。例如：例如：1.Children like playing games.2.They were talking about a new film.3.宾语宾语(Object)常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。常由名词、代词、动词不定式或常由名词、代词、动词不定式或doing短语等充当。短

3、语等充当。例如：例如：1.She has finished doing the experiment.2.We like English and are good at it.4.表语表语(Predicative)与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。英语中常见的连系动词有英语中常见的连系动词有:look;sound;feel;seem等。等。例如：例如：1.Her grandfather is an engineer.2.The two

4、 countries were at war then.3.The fact seems that he didnt notice the car.5.定语定语(Attributive)常指修饰名词的词或短语。常指修饰名词的词或短语。常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。例如：例如：1.The black sweater is mine.2.We have eight classes every day.3.The coffee cup on the table

5、 is mine.6.状语状语(Adverbial)常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。例如：例如：1.The miners work very hard.2.She often helps Mike at school.3.Hearing the news,he couldnt help

6、jumping.7.宾语补足语宾语补足语(Object Complement)常指补充说明宾语的成分，逻辑上与宾语是常指补充说明宾语的成分，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓主谓”关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。或分词短语等充当。例如：例如：1.She keeps the house clean every day.2.Nobody calls me a liar.3.We last saw him playing on the playground.五种基本句型1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 Everybody smiled.2

7、.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语He knows everything.3.主语主语+双宾动词双宾动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语I showed him my passport.4.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语The boy looks healthy.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补语宾语补语What made you angry?祈使句的主语一般都省略掉祈使句的主语一般都省略掉一主语+不及物动词1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词Thesunisrising.Itwillsnow.Canyoufly?2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+状语状语Didyou

8、sleepwell?Sheoftendreams.YougofirstandIwillfollowbehind.3.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+副词副词(构成成语动词构成成语动词)Theenginebrokedown.Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?Thebombblewup.4.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词(有被动意思有被动意思)Isthebooksellingwell?Doesthisclothwashwell?二主语+及物动词+宾语1.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+名词名词(代词代词)Doyouknowthem?Helovedice-cream.2.主语主语+及

9、物动词及物动词+反身代词反身代词NowIwillintroducemyself.Theyblamedthemselvesfortheaccident.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+不定式不定式(做宾语做宾语)Wecantaffordtopaysuchaprice.Youmusttrytoimprove.Heforgotwhichwaytogo.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+doing(做宾语做宾语)Wouldyoumindwaitingforafewminutes?Ipreferstanding.Iproposerestingforhalfanhour.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+从句

10、从句(做宾语做宾语)Heclaimedthathesawtheaccident.Isuggested(that)we(should)leaveearly.DoyouseewhyIdidit?Sheaskedifshemightcallandseeme.IlldowhatIcan.Idontrememberwhenthathappened.三主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语1.主语主语+双宾动词双宾动词+人人+物物Shegavemehertelephonenumber.(to)Illmakeyousomefreshtea.(for)Theyboughthimanewbike.2.主语主语+双宾

11、动词双宾动词+人人+从句从句Ihavewarnedhimthatitisnotallowed.Sheshowedmewhereherleghurt.Tellmewhateveryouknowaboutit.间接宾语前需要加间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：的常用动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,read,write等。间接宾语前需要加间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：的常用动词有：buy,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，choose,sing,等。1.感官类：f

12、eel,look,sound,taste,smell.2.变化类：grow,become,turn,get,go3.其他类：cometrue,fallill,staycalm,keepfit,remainseated,standstillseemsad,appearrich,proveuseful四主语+系动词+表语1.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词Howareyou?Imfine.Hehasfallenill.Theykeptsilent.2.主语主语+系动词系动词+名词名词Hisdreamhasatlastbecomeareality.Heappearedafool.Itsounds

13、agoodidea.3.主语主语+系动词系动词+副词副词IsHelenin?Summerisover.Thelightison.4.主语主语+系动词系动词+介词短语介词短语Youknowwhatyouareafter.Keepoffthegrass.Thestudentsareinfavourofreform.5.主语主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式Hisplanistokeepitsecret.Theonlythingnowistotakeataxi.6.主语主语+系动词系动词+doingMyjobisrepairingcars.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.Hi

14、shobbyisplayingchess.7.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语从句从句Myopinionisthattheplanwontwork.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.Thatswherewediffer.ThatshowIlookatit.Theproblemiswhocanbeputincharge.8.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+介词短语介词短语Sheisfondofthiscountry.Iwassickoflyinginbed.Theyseemdelightedwiththeresult.9.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+不定式

15、不定式（原因状语）（原因状语）Imhappytomeetyou.Shewaseagertoseeherpeople.10.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+宾语宾语从句从句Imgladyouhavecome.Werenotclearwhattheyreupto.Iamnotcertainwhoheis.Hesdoubtfulwhetherhecanaffordit.五.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补1.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+形容词形容词Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.Theydidntbelievesuchathingpossible.Youmustma

16、ketheclassroomclean.2.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+名词名词TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.WeelectedSmithourchairman.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+介词短语介词短语Heputhisbooksinorder.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.Shewasplacedinaverydifficultposition.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+副词副词Shewishedherselfhome.Dontleavemebehind.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Iwishyoutobehappy.Theteachersencourageustokeeptrying.6.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+不带不带to的不定式的不定式Wecantletthisgoon.Didyounoticehimcomein?7.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+doingIsawherch