1、 名词和冠词名词【真题体验】1Mum,I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change.Well,I think there is no _Its almost the same as an iPhone 4s.(2014,宁波)Aread Bneed Canswer Dway2What _ bowl of noodles would you like,small,medium or large?A large bowl of beef noodles,please.(2014,黄冈)Acolour Bprice Csize DKindososBC3Our sch
2、ool uniforms are out of _We think young people should look smart.(2014,绍兴)Aluck Bsight Creach Dfashion4I want a sweet milk.Put some _ in my cup,please.(2014,河北)Aice Bsoup Csalt DsugarDD【考点梳理】名词是中考考查的重点考查内容主要为:1常用专有名词的表示方法;2可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法;3不可数名词量的表示方法;4名词所有格的运用方法;5名词作主语时主谓一致问题;6名词词义的辨析。高频考点一常用专有名词1
3、人名。如:Jackie Chan,Yao Ming2地名。如:New York,the Great Wall3国名。如:China,America4一周七天。如:Monday,Tuesday5一年十二个月。如:May,September6节日。如:Teachers Day,Mothers Day,Christmas Day Childrens Day7专有名词缩写形式。如:USA,CD【例1】When is _ _ Day?Its on June 1st,Dave.(2014,东营)AChild BChildrenCChilds DChildrens点拨:由答语“六月一日”可知问句是“儿童节是
4、什么时候?”儿童节为“Childrens Day”。D高频考点二名词辨析名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中,通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义,然后作出正确的选择。近年来,这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一,并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。【例2】_ is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.(2014,兰州)AThe car BThe trainCPapermaking DThe computer点拨:由句意“中国古代四大发明之一”,可知只有“造纸术”符合题意。C【例3】Look at the clou
5、ds,so beautiful!Wow,so many different _,horses,sheep,flowers.(2014,湖州)Asizes Bshapes Ccolours Dstyles高频考点三名词的数名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如:an uncle,a university,an honest man,an hour,a useful book,an apple等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种:B1可数名词的复数规则变化变化规则例子一般情况下,在名词的末尾加sdeskde
6、sks,appleapples以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词,在词尾加esclassclasses,boxboxes,watchwatches以辅音y结尾的名词,把y变为i,再加escountrycountries,factoryfactories以f或fe结尾的名词,把f或fe变为v,再加esknifeknives,wifewives,leafleaves以o结尾表示有生命的名词,在词尾加estomatotomatoes,heroheroes以o结尾表示无生命的名词,在词尾加sradioradios,photophotos2.可数名词的复数不规则变化元音或词尾发生变化如:manmen;wom
7、anwomen;FrenchmanFrenchmen;toothteeth;footfeet;childchildren单复数形式相同如:sheepsheep;fish(鱼的条数)fish;Chinese(中国人)Chinese;Japanese(日本人)Japanese;deer(鹿)deer形式为单数,意思为复数如:people,police视为整体时,谓语用单数;视为个体时,谓语用复数。如:family,class,team,group形式为复数,意思为单数如:news,maths,physics,the United States等。只用复数形式pants,shorts,clothes
8、,glasses(眼镜)等。由man,woman构成的合成名词,变复数时将名词及man,woman都变成复数。如:man drivermen drivers,woman teacherwomen teachers但其他合成名词,只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如:a banana treebanana trees;a shoe factoryshoe factories注意:可数名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致。可数名词一般不单独使用,表类别时可用复数形式,或用不定冠词和定冠词加单数名词。如:oranges,the/an orange。修饰可数名词复数的词有these,those,man
9、y,(a)few,a/the number of,some/any,a lot of等。常用they,them来替代。3不可数名词不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词,它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a量词(可数名词)of不可数名词”短语,变复数时把a变为具体数词,量词变为复数形式。如:a bowl of water一碗水;two cups of tea两杯茶初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,tea,milk,food,fruit,meat,fish(鱼肉),chicken(鸡肉),beef,mutton,orange(橙汁),sugar,salt,pa
10、per(纸),porridge,bread,sand,juice,news,music,time(时间),information,fun,advice等。注意:有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,如:time(次数,倍数/时间),fish(鱼/鱼肉),glass(眼镜/玻璃),room(房间/空间),noise(响声/噪音),paper(试卷,文件/纸),chicken(鸡/鸡肉),experience(经历/经验)。表示不定数量时,不可数名词常用much,(a)little,a lot of,some,any等修饰。常用it来替代。【例4】You can find many _ abo
11、ut the famous film star on the Internet.(2014,内江)Anews BpicturesCtickets Dinformation点拨:news和information为不可数名词,不能用many修饰;pictures意为“图片”,tickets意为“票”。句意为“你可以在因特网上找到很多关于著名影星的图片。”B【例5】Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef,vegetables and _.(2014,广州)Asome rice Ba few riceCa little rices Da rice点拨:so
12、me既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;a few修饰可数名词,a little修饰不可数名词;rice是不可数名词,不用不定冠词修饰。.A高频考点四名词所有格1有生命的东西的名词所有格,一般用在词尾加“s”这种形式来表示。如:Its my mothers handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。2以s或es结尾的名词末尾只加“”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词,也可以加“s”构成所有格。如:Its only twenty minutes walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。Who won the girls 100metre race?谁赢了女子百米赛跑?3不以s或es结尾
13、的复数名词末尾仍要加“s”。如:Wheres the Peoples Hospital,please?请问人民医院在哪儿?Its the policemens bedroom.这是警察宿舍。4表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时,只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“s”。若表示两者各自所有时,则每个名词后均加“s”。试比较:Lily and Lucys father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。Lilys and Lucys fathers are both workers.莉莉的父亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。5有些名词如:诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“s”后,可以省去表示相关处
14、所的名词。如:the doctors(医生诊所),Mr.Whites(怀特先生家),the booksellers(书店)。6of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如:a map of China一幅中国地图7既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如:an old friend of my uncles,a photo of Jims family等。【例6】Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?No,its my _.He left it there just now.(2014,长沙)Abrother BbrothersCbrothers Dbrothe
15、rs点拨:由答语可知“是我弟弟的”,要用所有格形式,问句中用的是单数,所有格也应用单数形式。B【例7】Mr.Black is a teacher of _.She and her classmates like him very much.(2014,白银)Amy sister Bmy sistersCmy sisters Dmy sisters点拨:A项意为“我姐姐”;B项意为“我姐姐的”;C项意为“我的姐姐们”;D项意为“我姐姐们的”。由第二句中“she”可知此空应用单数形式。句意为“布莱克先生是我姐姐的一名老师。”B一、单项选择。1Do you come to South Korea f
16、or the _ of seeing your family or doing business?I come here on business.(2014,鄂州)Ainterest BbenefitCpurpose Dthought2Could you please get me some _?Im hungry.(2014,黔西南)Aapple Bwater Cbread Degg3Whats your favourite _,Bob?Cats.Theyre so lovely.(2014,重庆B)Aplant Bjob Csport DanimalCCD4Oh,a nice photo!Is this your uncles child?Yes,its my _(2014,陕西)Acousin Bsister Cbrother Ddaughter5It is an English _ to have afternoon tea.(2014,嘉兴)Amenu Bdrink Cfestival Dtradition6Betty,pass me the _Ill cut the cak
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