名词专项复习课件(中考英语).ppt

1、 名名 词词 一、考查重点一、考查重点1.可数名词与不可数名词可数名词与不可数名词2.名词的作用名词的作用3.名词的所有格名词的所有格4.名词词义辨析名词词义辨析名词名词 专有名词（如：专有名词（如：Tom，China，the United States,January,Monday)可数可数普通名词物质名词物质名词(如如water,ice,wood)抽象名词抽象名词(如如:happiness幸福幸福)个体名词个体名词(如：如：teacher教师教师)集体名词集体名词(如：如：police警察警察)不可数不可数考点一考点一名词的数名词的数名词单数的表达名词单数的表达 一般可用一般可用a，an，

2、one来修饰来修饰注注：a用于用于辅音辅音音素音素开头的单词前开头的单词前,an用用于于元音音素元音音素开头的单词前开头的单词前 *a book *an English book *an hour flowerflowers找规律找规律,总结规则总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf-leavesboxes可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式 1.1.规则变化规则变化(1)(1)一般在词尾加一般在词尾加“s”/s/or/z/s/or/z/*dog dogs *book books *cap caps *tree trees(2)(2)以以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加

3、结尾的名词加“eses”/iz/iz/*box boxes *watch watches *bus buses *brush brushes 注：注：stomach/k/k/stomachs (3)(3)以以辅音字母辅音字母加加y y结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变y为为i加加“es”/iz/iz/*country countries *baby babies *factory factories *party parties 请区别：如果是元音字母加请区别：如果是元音字母加y y 结尾的名词结尾的名词则只须加则只须加“s s”*boy boys holidayholiday-holidayholi

4、days s *dayday-holidayholidays s monkey monkeys(4)(4)以以f、fe 结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变f、fe 为为v再加再加“es”/vz/vz/*half halves *shelf shelves *knife knives *leaf leaves 特殊:roof-roofsbelief-beliefsproof-proofsHandkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves找规律找规律tomatoespotatoesNegroes黑人黑人和和英雄英雄爱爱吃吃西红柿西红柿拌拌土土豆。豆。heroes(5)(5)

5、以以o o结尾的名词结尾的名词,一般情况加一般情况加s,s,读作读作/z/./z/.potato，tomato，hero等除外等除外*pianopianos*zoozoos*radio-radios*bamboobambooswoman-womenman-men2.2.不规则变化不规则变化(1)(1)(1)(1)变变变变-a a a a为为为为-e-e (2)(2)(2)(2)变元音字母变元音字母变元音字母变元音字母oooo为为为为eeeepoliceman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen (3)(3)单复数同形单复数同形Chinese Chinese fish f

6、ish Japanese Japanese sheepsheepsheep特殊：特殊：children请区别：请区别：请区别：请区别：German(German(德国人德国人德国人德国人)Germans)Germans (“(“中日中日中日中日”不变不变不变不变“英法英法英法英法”变，其余变，其余变，其余变，其余s s加后面加后面加后面加后面)(4).(4).常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes shoes trousers socks glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数复数 *My clothes a

7、re newer than yours.1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyaretalkingabout_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA4.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;knifesB.sh

8、eeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_andtwo_inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC不可数名词不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词.1.1.常见的不可数名词常见的不可数名词waterwater ricerice fishfish meatmeatwork chalk time space musicmoney weather homeworkwood inf

9、ormation news medicine2 2 不可数名词的数不可数名词的数 （1 1 1 1)a lot of/lots of,some,much,a little,)a lot of/lots of,some,much,a little,)a lot of/lots of,some,much,a little,)a lot of/lots of,some,much,a little,plenty of,a bit of,a large amount ofplenty of,a bit of,a large amount ofplenty of,a bit of,a large amou

10、nt ofplenty of,a bit of,a large amount of+不可数名不可数名不可数名不可数名词词词词 (2)(2)(2)(2)数词数词数词数词+容器容器容器容器+of+of+of+of+不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词a a a a glassglassglassglass ofofofof waterwaterwaterwatertwo glasses of two glasses of two glasses of two glasses of waterwaterwaterwater 单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单

11、数数 *Some bread is over there.*No news is good news.不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用等修饰，常用much,alittle,little,alotlotofof,lotsoflotsof,some,any，plentyof等修等修饰饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X)可数名词和不可数名词都可以用可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位单位+of+of+名词名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复表达量，但单位后面的可

12、数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of apples*a piece of paper*three glasses of orange巩固练习巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶一茶杯茶 （2）一碗饭）一碗饭 （3）两公斤肉）两公斤肉 （4）五瓶橘汁）五瓶橘汁 （5）一双鞋）一双鞋 （6）许多瓶牛奶）许多瓶牛奶 4.4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯玻璃杯)work(工作工作)a work(著作著作)time(时间)ti

13、mes(次数次数)1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?Idliketwo_.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith_moneyand_people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD

14、.few,fewDDCA主谓一致主谓一致1.1.当当people,class,family,team,group,public,police people,class,family,team,group,public,police 等等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.g The class e.g The class areare waiting for her.waiting for her.Toms family _ rather big.Toms fam

15、ily Toms family _ rather big.Toms family _ film fans_ film fans.is are2.news,maths,politics 2.news,maths,politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.g The news e.g The news makes makes her very happy.her very happy.Maths _ not easy for him.Maths _ not easy for him.is 专有名词专有名词：1.表示人名表示人名 如：如：Jim Kate Li Lei

16、 Miss Gao2.表示地名表示地名:如如:China USA England Beijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：Sunday Monday Tuesday January February4.表示中外节日：表示中外节日：国际性节日国际性节日:New Year May Day Childrens Day Womens Day 中国节日中国节日:Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方节日西方节日:Christmas Day Easter(复活节）复活节）Fathers Day Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(情人节情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如如:CCTV WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP 名词的作用名词的作用用法用法例句例句作主语作主语English is useful.作定语作定语(一般用一般用单数形式）单数形式）paper