最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题含答案 6.docx

1、最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题含答案 6最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Engineers in Upstate New York have invented a folded paper device that looks like a decorated art project. But dont be fooled. This is actually a paper-based battery. No, it doesnt look like any of those metal batteries running flashlights or s

2、martphones. In these systems, the battery can be printed on a page. The batterys power consists of living bacteria. Paper electronics are simple to make and inexpensive, notes study leader Seokheun Choi, an engineer at Binghamton University. They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need

3、 more bacteria, which can be found everywhere including dirty water. Most batteries use chemicals to generate electricity. Substituting bacteria can be an advantage, Choi says. They are cheap and self-repairing. What paper-based batteries wont do is generate much power. They do, however create enoug

4、h to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places such as a battlefield. They might also find use in medicine. For instance, they might power tiny sensors, such as the types used to measure blood sugar. This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago that microbes (微生物) pr

5、oduce electricity as they digest food. Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells. A fuel cell generates electricity like a regular battery. But a regular battery stops producing electricity when its inner chemical reactions stop. A fuel cell uses fuel that

6、 can be refilled. In this case, bacteria serve as the fuel. By refilling more microbes, as needed, scientists can keep these fuel cells running. Lab tests have shown that the new battery can produce a current. Now, Choi and his team are looking at ways to increase the power. Theyre studying differen

7、t shapes and materials for the anode and cathode (正负极). Theyre also looking for the best ways to combine batteries for more power. The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them. And they surely will be a trend in the near future.（1）What makes the paper-based batter

8、ies different from other batteries? A.They are mainly used to run smartphones.B.They use bacteria to generate electricity.C.They are used to decorate small devices.D.They take a much shorter time to recharge.（2）What can the paper-based batteries do? A.Power tiny devices.B.Lower blood sugar levels.C.

9、Produce much electricity.D.Change chemicals in the paper.（3）What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A.The application of the new battery.B.The characteristics of the paper batteries.C.The intention to invent the device.D.The working principle of the invention.（4）What is the authors attitude towar

10、ds the development of the paper-based batteries? A.Defensive.B.Optimistic.C.Doubtful.D.Ambiguous.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They j

11、ust need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere including dirty water.这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的What paper-based batteries wont do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places纸基电池不会储存很多的电量

12、，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。 （3）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago that microbes（微生物）produce electricity as they digest food，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。因此，科学家们Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as micro

13、bial fuel cells根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。作者用到beauty优点一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，

14、进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 It seems every major city and town around the world hosts an annual marathon, with thousands of athletes running a gruelling 42.1 kilometres. While many runners motivation is to beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without collapsing, theyre also doing i

15、t for a good causeto generate funds for charity. But like other major events, the marathon also generates a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel some by planeto the location, and waste from food packaging and goody bags gets left behind by spectators and runners. This is becoming a big issue f

16、or citieshow to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, while protecting the environment? Several cities have developed formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable (可持续的) ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced recycling fo

17、r old running kit. Its something that this years London Marathon tried to tackle by reducing the number of drink stations on the running route, giving out water in paper cups and offering some drinks in eatable seaweed capsules. They also trialled new bottle belts made from recycled plastic so 700 r

18、unners could carry water bottles with them during their run. London Marathon event director Hugh Brasner told the BBC: There are a lot of initiatives (倡议) we are using this year that we think will lead to some huge behavioural changes in the future. Meanwhile, some people still think running a marat

19、hon could be our best foot forward in helping the planet. Dr Andrea Collins from Cardiff University told the BBC: Training for a marathon makes you more sustainable in day-to-day activities. I started walking or running to work every day and shunning public transport altogether. Being environmentall

20、y friendly while training sticks with you and becomes a way of life. （1）Why do many people enter for a marathon? A.To achieve their own ambitions.B.To generate a massive carbon footprint.C.To improve themselves both physically and mentally.D.To challenge their personal limitations and raise money fo

21、r charities.（2）What did Hugh Brasner think of this years London Marathon? A.It may bring a large profit to London.B.It saved a lot of water resources and power.C.It may improve peoples behaviour in the future.D.It may make Londoners more friendly when running a marathon.（3）Which of the following can

22、 replace the underlined word shunning in the last paragraph? A.Damaging.B.Avoiding.C.Choosing.D.Changing.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Running a marathon can make more money.B.Running a marathon can do great damage to the earth.C.Running a marathon can change peoples life completel

23、y.D.Running a marathon can contribute to protecting the earth.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，现如今，许多城市和乡镇都举办了马拉松比赛，马拉松旨在为一些公益活动募集资金，但马拉松的举办也为城市带来了环境问题。有一些城市已经采取了一些措施，来保证马拉松比赛的可持续性发展，如减少马拉松赛程中的供水站，以水囊的形式代替等等。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的many runners motivation is to beat their personal best and cross the

24、 finishing line without collapsing, theyre also doing it for a good causeto generate funds for charity许多参赛的动机是打破他们的个人最好记录，同时还为了一个非常好的目的，就是为了慈善机构募款。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的There are a lot of initiatives （倡议） we are using this year that we think will lead to some huge behavioural changes in the future.“

25、 Hugh Brasner认为，在这几年马拉松比赛中使用的一些环保倡议会引起将来一些行为上的巨大改变，故选C。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的Training for a marathon makes you more sustainable in day-to-day activities. I started walking or running to work every day为马拉松做出的训练可以使人能够更加适应每天的日常活动，Dr Andrea Collins也开始每天走路或跑步上下班，这样的通勤方式可以避免交通拥堵，因此可以用avoid代替shun，故选B。 （4）考查推理

26、判断。根据最后一段中的running a marathon could be our best foot forward in helping the planet跑马拉松是在用个人的力量帮助这个星球，以及Being environmentally friendly while training sticks with you and becomes a way of life.这样做既能运动同时对环境也有帮助，成为新兴的生活方式，故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析

27、，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014. The results show that while S

28、wedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm. James Bentham, a

29、 co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. An individuals genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role, he added. A littl

30、e extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy, he said. This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people. But while height has increased around the world, the t

31、rend in many African countries causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds. One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential