高考英语考点-45被动语态.docx

1、考点四十五 被动语态一、被动语态的基本时态变化1各种时态被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/are doneEnglish is taught in most schools.一般过去时was/were doneThe letter was typed on the computer.一般将来时shall/will be doneThe problem will be discussed tomorrow.现在进行时am/is/are being doneThe

2、 bridge is being built.过去进行时was/were being doneAt that time the desk was being repaired.现在完成时have/has been doneThe house has been built.过去完成时had been doneThey said that their work had been finished.过去将来时would be doneHe said the trees would be planted soon.2.被动语态的特殊形式(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词be过去分词Some

3、thing must be done to stop the water from being polluted.必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。(2) “get过去分词”式被动语态 在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。Some glasses got broken when we were moving.我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。二、主动形式表示被动意义1当look，sound，smell，taste，feel，prove，remain，stay等作系动词时。Th

4、e soup smells good but tastes terrible.这种汤闻起来不错，但太难喝了。The theory proved to be correct.这个理论证明是正确的。2表示主语某种属性、特征的动词如read，sell，write，wash，wear等。This kind of book sells well.这种书很畅销。The shirt washes well.这衬衫很好洗。3表示开始、结束、运动的动词如begin，start，finish，stop，open，close等。The shop closes at 6 pm.everyday. 商店每天下午6点关门

5、。 三、使用被动语态应注意的问题1不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有：rise，appear，disappear，happen，occur，break out，take place，run out，give out(用完，耗尽)等。My money has run out.Can you lend me some?我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？2在主动语态里，感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，须带to。I often hear her sing English songs.She is often heard to sing English songs

6、 by me.我经常听见她唱英语歌。3带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时，介词或副词不能省略。She often looks after the old man.The old man is often looked after by her.她经常照顾这位老人。4含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前加介词to或for。Her mother bought her a computer.She was bought a computer by her mother.A computer was bo

7、ught for her by her mother.她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。单句改错A traffic accident was happened near our school last night.Great changes have been taken place in China in the past five years.A tall man was seen go into the room just now.（2018北京卷单项填空）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mounta

8、ins for two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped【答案】D【解析】句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。1. （2018天津卷单项填空）My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态和

9、语态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。2.（2017新课标I卷语法填空）When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.【答案】are removed【解析】句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉，被动语态。一 完成下列题目1. （2017北京卷单项填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most familie

10、s had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented2. （2017天津卷单项填空） Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D

11、. regards3. （2017新课标II卷语法填空）Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been（fairly） (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.4. （2017新课标III卷语法填空）Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year.5.（2016北京

12、卷单项填空）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewardedB. were rewardedC. will rewardD. will be rewarded二 语法填空Recently I failed an exam. However, 1 I came out of my teachers office. I told myself “Smile! Its not so serious.”I smiled a big sm

13、ile and 2 worked a little, really.Everyone gets 3 （frustrate）sometimes. I used to be always influenced by pressure and I was often in low spirits. But one day I came 4 a sentence in the Bible: “Do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself. Let the days own trouble be suf

14、ficient for the day.” It suddenly struck me “ 5 （worry）about a problem doesnt help. Why not just give a big smile and face up 6 the trouble?”Now every time I want to cry, I remind myself that 7 （laugh）is better than tears and anger. I am 8 （convince）that theres something magical about a smile. A smi

15、le helps me recover confidence and gives me 9 courage to move on.Remember, whenever youre faced with a setback, whenever youve been treated unfairly, all it takes is determination and you can feel happy again. Smile at life, 10 it will shine on you. 主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall (will