小升初专项训练汇编通用版.docx

1、小升初专项训练汇编通用版小升初专项训练汇编小升初英语情态动词概述情态动词概述特征1)情态动词(modal verb)本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语动词，一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。2)情态动词所表示的情态有：命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。3)情态动词(ought除外)和助动词shall，will，should，would一样，后面的动词不定式一般皆不带。形式变化1)没有人称和数的变化，第三人称单数的现在时也无变化。如：I can We canYou can You canHeThey canShe canI

2、t2)有些情态动词有过去式，有少数过去式和它的原形相同。a)有过去式的情态动词有：may - wouldcan couldmay nightshall - shouldhave to - had tob)过去式不变的情态动词有：must - must (或had to)ought to - ought toneed-needdare - dare(亦可用dared)3)大多数情态动词后面可用动词的进行式、完成式和被动形式，如：can(may，must)be doing，can(may，must) have done，can(may，must)be done等。否定式情态动词和助动词一样，后面可

3、直接跟否定词not。现将情态动词的否定式及其否定式的简略式(简略式用于口语中)列举如下：shall not-shant FB:ntwill not-wont wEuntcan not-cant kB:ntmust not-mustnt 5mQsntshould not- shouldntwould not- wouldntcould not- couldntdare not- darent dZEntneed not- neednt在疑问句中的用法情态动词在疑问句中的用法和助动词相同。如：May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗?Can you let me u

4、se your dictionary for a minute? 你能把字典借我用一会儿吗?Would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant? 你想参观重型机器厂吗?注意have to在疑问句中的位置。如：Do you have to go out today? 你今天一定得出去吗?Does he have to finish the work tomorrow? 他明天非做完这项工作不可吗?小升初英语情态动词can、could情态动词can, couldcan的词义表示体力或脑力方面的能力或客观上的可能。如：Can you ride a bi

5、ke? Yes，I can.你能骑自行车吗?是的，我能骑。Can Mr. Smith use chopsticks? No，he cant . 史密斯先生会用筷子吗?不，他不会。Most women here can read and write now.这里的多数妇女都能识字，也会写字。In China even barren mountains can be turned into fertile fields. 在中国，荒山也能变成良田。can用在否定句和疑问句中时在这种句子中，can常可意谓可能，表示猜测和推理。如：It surely cant be six oclock alread

6、y? 不可能已经六点钟了吧?You cant be hungry so soon，Tom. Youve just had lunch. 顿姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。She cannot be so careless. 她不可能这么粗心。Where can he be? 他会在什么地方呢?What can he mean? 他会是什么意思呢?It surely cant be six oclock already? 不可能已经是六点钟了吧?注一 can加动词的进行时态，也可表示可能。如：What can he be doing all this time? 他一直会是在干什么呢?Sh

7、e cannot be playing ping-pong now.她现在不可能在打乒乓球。注二 在日常会话中，can可代替may表示允许，may比较正式，如：You can drop in any time. 你随时都可以来串门。Can I use your basin? of course，you can.我可以用你的脸盆吗?-当然可以。You can have my seat，Im going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。Couldcould是Call的过去式，表示与过去有关的1)能力和2)可能(在否定和疑问句中)。如：1)We were sure that he could do

8、 the work. 我们肯定他能做这工作。He was a farmhand. He could not afford to send his son to school. 他是个雇农，他供不起儿子上学。2)At that time we thought the Story could not be true.那时我们以为所说的事不可能是真的。注 could可代替can表示现在，但语气较为婉转。如：could you wait half an hour?请你等半个小时好吗?could you please ring up again at six? 六点钟请你再来电话好吗?could we

9、visit a kindergarten? Ive been wanting to see one ever since I came to China.我们可以访问一个幼儿园吗?我自从到中国来以后，一直想看一所幼儿园。注二表示过去的能力并已完成一具体动作时须用were (was) able (to)，不可用could。如：I am glad we were able to catch the train. 我很高兴我们能赶上火车。但如未完成一具体动作，则可用could not。如：I am sorry we couldnt (或werent able to) catch the train.

10、我很遗憾我们没有能赶上火车。can的形式can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式，能表示现在一般和过去一般两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来)须用be able加动词不定式来表示。如：With their help, we shall be able to finish the work in a few days. 有他们的协助，我们将会在几天之内完成这项工作。They have not been able to come to Boston. 他们没有能到波斯顿来。Mr. Johnson rang up just now to Say that he wont be

11、 able to come over this evening.约翰逊先生刚来电话，说今天晚上他来不了。can，could用于否定或疑问句中can (could)用于否定或疑问句中后面跟动词原形的完成式时，表示对过去发生事件的可能性。而could较can更加表示说话人的不肯定的语气。如：Can he have left already? 他会是走了吗?Could she have forgotten my address? 她会把我的地址忘记了吗?It couldnt have been henry. He has gone to the factory. 不可能是亨利，他已经去工厂了。Sur

12、ely she can not have arrived so early. 他当然不可能这么早到这里的。注 could加动词的完成式时，有时表示过去可能完成但事实上并没有实现的动作。如：You could have done the work better.你本来可以做得更好些。(事实上你做得不那么好)You could have got the early train.你本来可以搭上早班火车的。(事实上没搭上)小升初英语情态动词daredare (敢)的用法和其他动词有所不同。dare用于否定句或疑问句中时，其用法和其他情态动词一样，即dare本身无变化，后面所跟的动词不定式不带to。如：

13、They dare not tell the truth.他们不敢说真话。Dare he admit his mistake? 他敢于承认错误吗?He dared say no more。他不敢再说了。但是dare用在肯定结构中时，后面的动词不定式可加to。如：Young people should dare to think，dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想、敢说、敢干。注一在否定句或疑问句中，dare也可用作实义动词，用助动词do来帮助，后面的动词不定式可带to。如：Do they dare to do it? 他们敢做这事吗?The enemy d

14、id not dare to come out after dark.敌人夜间不敢出来。注二注意下面将两种不同动词揉合在一起的说法。如：I didnt dale come.我不敢来。Who dares stop me? 谁敢阻拦我?小升初英语情态动词have tohave to加动词原形表示不得不、必须的概念。它比must更含有客观条件使得必须如此做的意思，并有较多的时态。如：Mr. Johnson has to work very hard to earn a living.约翰逊先生为了谋生不得不拼命干活。I had to leave the party early last night.

15、 I wasnt very well.昨晚我只得早点离开晚会，我不大舒服。We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我们明天必须起得很早。I shall have to go to the clinic today for my bad cough.我咳嗽得厉害，今天必须去诊疗所看看。注口语中的I have got to，you have got to等：I have to，you have to. Have I got to?和Do I have to?这两种疑问形式均可用。小升初英语情态动词may、might情态动词-may, mightmay表

16、示允许或请求May I come in? Yes，do. 我可以进来吗?-请进。May I borrow you raincoat? 我可以借用你的雨衣吗?You may go now. 你现在可以走了。You may ring us up any time during office hours.在办公时间你可以随时给我们打电话。注 may表示允许的否定形式是must not(不应该，不许可)。如：May I take this book out of the reading-room? No，you mustnt. 我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗? -不行。may还可表示说话人的猜测，认为某一

17、事情或许或可能发生We may call on you this evening.我们也许今天晚上来看你。She may not go to the concert tonight.今晚她可能不去听音乐会了。The news may or may not be true. 消息也许是真的，也许不是真的。注 may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿，愿望如：May you succeed.祝你成功。May you have a pleasant journey.一路平安。might为may的过去式The speaker said we might ask him any question.作报告的人说我们可

18、以向他提任何问题。He said he might go to the Palace Museum on Sunday. 他说他星期天可能去参观故宫博物院。注一night也可代替may，表示现在，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。如：He night not come today.今天他也许不来了。Might I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗?注二might用来表示现在时，还可表示规劝，如：You might，pay more attention to spoken English.你要更多地注意英语口语。You might shut the windows. The

19、wind is blowing so hard outside.关上窗户吧。外面风很大。may (might)后加动词的完成式表示对过去的推测，认为某一事情在过去可能发生。这里may和might都指过去，不过might较为含蓄委婉或更加不肯定(常用于肯定结构)。如：Nick may (might) have gone to the library.尼克可能到图书馆去了。Our manager may (might) have gone to Harbin last weekend.我们的经理上周末可能已经去哈尔滨了。She may (might) have missed the plane.她

20、也许没赶上飞机。注一 may和might常用在so that和in order that所引导的目的状语从句中(现在英语中还经常用can)。如：Write is in simple language in order that everybody may understand it. 为了大家都看得懂，你要用简明的文字写。He died，so that others night 1iye.他为了别人而牺牲了。注二 might加动词的完成式，可说明某一事情在过去没有实现并含有劝告甚至责备的意思。如：You might have told me earlier.你本来可以早点告诉我的。You mi

21、ght have been more careful.你本来可以多加小心。小升初英语情态动词needneed(需要)的用法与dare几乎完全相同。即在否定句或疑问句中，和其他情态动词一样，本身无变化，后面用不带to的动词不定式；在肯定句中时，和实义动词一样，后面的动词不定式要带to，第三人称单数现在一般时加-s，并有时态的变化。如：Need we return the magazines today?我们今天需要把杂志还回去吗?Every member needs to pay only a little money a year to get medical care.每个成员每年只需缴一点

22、钱就可以得到医疗。You need not write down your translation. You may do it orally. 你们不必写下这个翻译练习，口头做就行了。注与dare一样，在否定句或疑问句里，need也可和实义动词相同，用助动词to do来帮助，后面的动词不定式必须带to。如：Do they need to take any tools with them? No., they dont need to.他们需要带工具吗? -不需要。He did not need to go there early that day. 那天他不必早去。need后面有名词作宾语时

23、完全用作实义动词，表示需要或缺乏某件事物。这时，它的变化和一般实义动词完全相同。如：I need a dictionary.我需要字典。You need a hair-cut. 你该理发了。Do you need a fountain-pen? 你需要一支自来水笔吗?I dont need a new jacket. 我不需要一件新茄克衫。Mary looks tried，she needs a rest. 玛丽看上去累了，需要休息。Neednt后加动词不定式(不带to)的完成式时指过去已做了但勿须做的动作。如：You neednt have watered the vegetables，as

24、 it is going to rain.你满可以不必浇菜，天要下雨了。You neednt have brought your umbrella. We are going by taxi你满可以不必带伞，我们要坐出租汽车去。注一注意didnt have to和didnt nee to则常表示过去未做也勿须做的动作。如：I didnt have to interpret it for her，for she knows Chinese.我勿须为她翻译，她懂汉语。I didnt need to take a taxi； it is only five minutes walk to the s

25、tation.到车站只须走五分钟，我不需要坐出租汽车。注二 used to和had better也可看作是情态动词。情态动词used to表示过去的习惯，但现在已无此习惯(would表过去习惯时则无此含义)。如：When I was young，I used to play football.我小时常踢足球。He didnt use to come. (或用usednt to)他过去不常来。Did he used to come? (亦可说used he to.?)他过去常来吗?had better表可取，意为应该或最好。如：We had better go now. 我们最好走吧。Youd

26、better stop now.你现在应该停下来。(对长辈不可用had better)Hadnt we better go now? 我们现在走不好吗?(had better一般不用于肯定疑问句)小升初英语情态动词oughtought只有一种形式，后面须跟带to的动词不定式。Ought表示有义务或必要做某件事，还可表示劝告。如：.You ought to follow the old mans advice.你应当听那位老人的话。You oughtnt to smoke so much.你不应当抽烟太多。You ought to go to the clinic at once. You do

27、nt look well.你脸色不好，应该马上到医务室去。注ought表示应该，语气比should 强。ought后加动词不定式的完成式时指过去的动作。如用肯定形式(ought to have done)，表示某一件事该做而未做，相当于should have done。如用否定形式(ought not to have done)，则表示一件不该做的事情发生了，相当于should not have done。如：He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.这个练习他应当作得更细心一些。I ought to have returned the

28、se books to the library last week. 我上星期就应当把这些书还给图书馆。You ought not to have been so rude.你不该这样粗鲁。You ought not to have taken his skates without asking him.你不该没有得到他的许可就把他的冰鞋拿走。小升初英语情态动词shall情态动词-shallshall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称可表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等概念。如：You shall do it，whether you want to or not. 不管你愿意不愿意，你必须做

29、这项工作。(命令)You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.这本书我一看完就给你。(允诺)You shall pay for it.你一定会受到惩罚的。(威胁)在疑问句中，情态动词shall用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：What shall I do now? 我现在该做什么?Shall we go for a walk? 我们去散步好吗?Shall he come tomorrow? 你要他明天来吗?小升初英语情态动词shouldShould表示劝告、 建议 时这时should常译作 应当。如：We Should learn about the computer and make full use of it.我们应该了解计算机并加以充分利用。You should listen to the doctors advice.你应当听大夫的话。You should study the article care fully. 你应当细，心学习这篇文章。should还可以表示 预测、可能They should be here by now.他们现在可能到了。The reference book should be in