届高考英语二轮复习疯狂专练五代词和名词单句填空语法填空.docx

1、届高考英语二轮复习疯狂专练五代词和名词单句填空语法填空疯狂专练五 代词和名词单句填空 语法填空当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下：第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺宾语，

2、则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。人称代词(主格/宾格)反身代词名词性物主代词常考的不定代词指示代词I/memyselfmineother/anotherthis/thatyouyourself/yourselvesyoursboth/neither/eitherhe/himhimselfhisall / noneshe/herherselfhersnothing/nobodythese/thoseititselfitseverything/everybodyw

3、e/usourselvesoursanything/anybodythey/themthemselvestheirssomething/somebody名词复数变化：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后/s/；浊辅音和元音后读/z/map maps 地图bag - bags书包/袋子以 s,ss,x,ch,sh等结尾的词加 -es-es 读 /iz/bus buses 公共汽车class - classes课以-f或-fe 结尾的名词多数将-f和-fe变v加 -es-ves读/vz/wife-wives妻子leaf leaves 树叶shelf-shelves 架子knife - kn

4、ives 小刀wolf-wolves 狼thief thieves 贼/小偷half-halves半life lives 生命记忆口诀：妻子用树架小刀将贼和狼劈成2半结束它们的生命以元音字母+ y结尾的名词 (a,e,i, o,u)直接加-s-s 读 /z/boy-boys 男孩day-days 天monkey monkeys 猴子holiday holidays 假日toy-toys玩具 key-keys钥匙/答案记忆口诀：男孩和猴子天天在节假日玩玩具和钥匙以辅音字母+ y结尾的非专有名词a,e,i ,o, u变y为i 再加es-s 读 /z/library-libraries图书馆fami

5、ly-families家庭hobby-hobbies业余爱好以辅音字母 + 0结尾的名词一般加 -es-es 读/z/Negro-Negroes黑人hero heroes英雄tomato tomatoes西红柿potato potatoes土豆mango-mangoes芒果记忆口诀：黑人英雄喜欢吃西红柿，土豆还有芒果以元音字母 + 0结尾的以及外来名词加-s-s 读/z/zoo - zoos 动物园photo-photos照片kangaroo-kangaroos袋鼠bamboo bamboos竹子radio radios收音机piano-pianos钢琴记忆口诀：（动物园）（照片）中的（袋鼠）

6、可以用（竹子）听（收音机）和弹（钢琴）单复数同形名词保持不变deer-deer鹿sheep-sheep绵羊fish-fish鱼people-people人/人们Chinese-Chinese 中国人English英国人Japanese-Japanese 日本人Vietnamese- Vietnamese 越南人Swiss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人Lebanese黎巴嫩人记忆口诀：草原上吃草两种动物：鹿和绵羊水里游的鱼；中日英三国家人；越，瑞，葡，黎 4四国家人表示某国人名词的复数直接加shuman-humans(人，人类)German-Germans（德国人）Russian-Russi

7、an（俄罗斯人）American-Americans（美国人）Italian-Italians（意大利人）Indian-Indians（印度人）Canadian-Canadians(加拿大)Australian-Australians（澳大）Swede-Swedes(瑞典人)记忆口诀：人类/德国俄，美，意，印，加，瑞复数加S无连字号复合名词以后面名词变复数规律保持一致mooncake-mooncakes（月饼）bookcase-bookcases（书橱）armchair-armchairs（轮椅）toothpick-toothpicks（牙签）housewife-housewives(家庭主妇

8、)gentleman-gentlemen(绅士)bookshelf-bookshelves（书架）stopwatch-stopwatches(秒表)wineglass-wineglasses(酒杯)birthday-birthdays(生日)blackboard-blackboards(黑板)greenhouse-greenhouses(温室)第一个名词是man,woman的复合名词两者都要变复数man teacher-men teachers（男老师）woman doctor-women doctors（女医生）男人/女人做定语修饰名词，两者都需要变复数以f,fe结尾特殊名词直接在词尾加sr

9、oof-roofs（屋顶）chiefchiefs(首领)serfserfs（农奴）reef-reefs（礁石/暗礁）hoof-hoofs（马蹄）cliff-cliffs（悬崖）gulfgulfs(海湾/鸿沟)belief-beliefs (信仰/信念)proof -proofs（证据）记忆口诀：（屋顶）上的（首领）踩着（礁石）和（马蹄）带领（农奴）在（悬崖）(鸿沟)上找到了(信仰)和(证据).改内部双元音及其它字母的名词复数以及一些外来词名词加ren或者加enman-men 男人woman-women女人ox-oxen 牛childchildren(孩子们)goose-geese 鹅tooth

10、-teeth牙齿foot-feet 脚mouse-mice老鼠loues-lice寄生虫basis-bases（基础）(将i 变为e)记忆口诀：（男人/女人a 该e）(牛孩子们加en/ren)（老鼠寄生将 m,l后面改为ice）1.【2018全国卷III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _ (they) alive.2.【2017全国卷I I】However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six

11、 months, more than 25,000 people were using_ every day.3.【2017全国卷I I】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.4.【2018全国卷III】Im a _ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.5.【2018全国卷I改编】I

12、t showed that a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).6. Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.7.Like university students, US high school students have the freedom to cho

13、ose the courses that most interest(they).8.Last October, while tending her garden, she pulled out a handful of small(carrot) and was about to throw them away.9.Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional _(treasure) come alive again.10.Then he started to b

14、uild more and more kinds of(model).passage1体裁主题字数建议用时记叙文寓言故事214字8分钟【河南省豫西名校2018届高三下学期第一次联考】The story happened in ancient times. A king was so clever that he thought of a good way to test1his men were reliable.One day, he had a huge rock2 (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid3 (him) nearby and w

15、atched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock. Some 4(wealth) businessmen and high officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none of them would bother5 (get) the big stone out of the way.Then a vil

16、lager came along carrying a load of vegetables. On6(approach) the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, trying hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing, he7 (final) succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road wh

17、ere the rock 8 (be). The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold was for the person 9removed the huge rock from the road.The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents 10 opportunity to improve ones condi

18、tion.passage2体裁主题字数建议用时议论文故宫博物馆201字9分钟【2019届湖北八校高三第二次联考试卷】For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among

19、1was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. Its a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is2(true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said.To guarantee the3(safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this years Lantern Festival event used LED lights ra

20、ther than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. Its a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museums new look lit up social media following Tuesdays display.Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang6

21、(bring) many changes to the worlds 7(large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional8 (treasure) come alive again. “9matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are10peoples daily lives,” he said.passa

22、ge3体裁话题主题建议用时记叙文日常生活遇险得救7分钟【四川省天府名校2020届高三上学期第一轮联合质量测评试题】Mac was cycling along a road. With a heavy camp bag, he wasnt moving very fast. Suddenly he heard loud breathing behind him. 1(look)to his side, he was 2(terrify)to find it wasnt a dog but a wolf that was running after him. He reached3 the spr

23、ay in the bag. With one hand on the handlebar, he fired it. A bright red color covered the wolf and it fell back shaking its head. But a minute 4(late) it was by his side again. He sprayed 5 second time, the wolf falling back again but only to quickly restart6 (it)attack. The wolf was getting closer

24、. Mac waved and yelled at passing7 (motorist) but meanwhile rode hard. He knew clearly he must be careful not to slow down. 8(fortunate), Paul and Becky were driving along the same road when they spotted the scene. They drove toward Mac. When the car was in front of him, Mac jumped off the bike and

25、dashed for the back door. Paul9(open) the door so as to let Mac in. It was quite a while 10 Mac became calm and thanked them.passage4体裁主题字数建议用时议论文“夸夸”群209字8分钟【2019年广东省梅州市高三第一次质量检测】A phenomenon known as “in-need-of-praise” has taken Chinese social media by storm. Users can now join a chat group on We

26、Chat or QQ, where they will1(praise) and gain encouragement from others for a price. The “in-need-of-praise” chat groups are a reflection of Chinese culture2values modesty and humility(谦逊), leading many people to often cover their true emotions. In Chinese culture,3(open) seeking and giving praise i

27、s uncommon. The trend seemed to have started with a chat group on the platform Douban four years ago. Since March many other chat groups4(become) popular, especially among young people. For them, gaining recognition from peers is more important than getting approval from older generations. They can

28、feel5sense of belonging and gain praise in these chat groups, which is6(benefit) to their mental health. Its also an outlet for users to show7(kind) and support each other. Life pressure can be big enough, so we need to be surrounded by warm8 (word), or even some blind confidence. But anyone9(receiv

29、e) or giving praise in such groups should be cautious. The biggest risk is the constant focus on the “false self,” which makes 10harder to see the “true self”.【答案】them【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。【答案】it【解析】考查代词。句意：但是，铁路很快被印证是一次伟大的成功，在6个月里，25,000多人每天都使用它。it指代the railway，故填it。【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词。此处表示

30、复数概念，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。【答案】scientist【解析】考查名词。句意：我是一名研究动物的科学家，研究比如猿和猴子。根据句意可知，此处指科学家，故填scientist。【答案】causes【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。【答案】myself【解析】句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。【答案】them【解析】分析句子可知，interest为定语从句的谓语，后接人称代词宾格做宾语。故填them。【答案】carrots【解析】考查名词单复数。根据上文的“a handful of”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。【答案】treasures【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。【答案】models【解析】考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为