医学英语词汇前后缀词根.docx

1、医学英语词汇前后缀词根Medical TerminologyDifferent professions have different languages. An example of this is auto maintenance: automobile mechanics use terms to describe the objects and situations they encounter while working, such as master cylinder and oil filter. paratively, medical workers use terms to d

2、escribe the objects and situations encountered in their fields, such as hepatitis and intravenous. The words - or terms - which make up the language of medicine are referred to as the terminology of the medical field, or Medical Terminology.Like every other language, medical terminology has changed

3、over time. The basis for medical terminology; however, remains the same. The majority of medical terms are based in Latin or Greek. RootsWord RootDefinitionabdominabdomenacanththorny, spinyacetabulacetabulum (hip socket)acouhearingacrextremities; heightactinray; radiusadenoidadenoidsadenglandadrenal

4、adrenal glandadrenadrenal glandaerair; gasalbuminalbuminalgesipainalveolalveolusamblydull; dimamniamnionamnionamnionamylstarchandrmaleangivesselanisunequal; dissimilarankylcrooked; stiff; bentantrantrumananusaortaortaaponeuraponeurosisappendicappendixarchefirst; beginningarteriarteryarteriolarteriol

5、e (small artery)arthrjointarticuljointatelimperfect; inpleteatheryellowish; fatty plaqueatriatriumaurearautselfaxillarmpitazoturea; nitrogenbacteribacteriabalanglans penisbilifebilbileblastdeveloping cellblephareyelidbrachiarmbronchbronchusbronchiolbronchiolebucccheekbursbursa (cavity)calccalciumcan

6、cercancercarcincancercardiheartcarpcarpals (wrist bones)caudtail; toward the lower part of the bodyceccecumceliabdomen (abdominal cavity)cephalheadcerebellcerebellumcerebrcerebrum, braincerumincerumen (earwax)cerviccervixcheillipchirhandcholangibile ductcholgall; bilecholedochmon bile ductchondrcart

7、ilagechorichorionchromcolorclavicclavicle (collarbone)claviculclavicle (collarbone)colcoloncolpvaginaconidustconjunctivconjunctivacorepupilcornecorneacoronheartcorticcortex (outer layer of body organ)corpupilcostribcranicranium (skull)crycoldcrypthiddenculdculdesaccutaneskincyanbluecyespregnancycyst

8、bladder; saccytcelldacrytear, tear ductdactylfingers or toesdenttoothdermatskindermskindextrrightdiaphorsweatdiaphragmatdiaphragmdipltwo; doubledipsthirstdiskintervertebral diskdiverticuldiverticulumdorsback (of the body)duodenduodenumdurhard; dura materdynampower or strengthechsoundectoplocated awa

9、y from usual placeelectrelectricity, electrical activityembryembryo; to be fullemmetra normal measuesencephalbrainendocrinendocrineenterintestinesepididymepididymisepiglottepiglottisepisivulvaepitheliepitheliumerythrredesophagesophagusesthesisensation, sensitivity, feelingeticause (of disease)facifa

10、cefemorfemur (upper leg bone)fetfetus; unborn childfibrfibrous tissue, fibersfibulfibula (lower leg)gangligangliongangliongangliongastrstomachgerold age; agedgerontold age; agedgingivgumglomerulglomerulusglosstongueglucsweetness; sugarglycsugarglycossugargnathjawgnosknowledgegonseedgravidpregnancygy

11、necwomangynwomanhembloodhematbloodhepatliverherniherniaheterotherhidrsweathisttissuehomsamehomesameness; unchanginghumerhumerus (upper arm bone)hydrwaterhymenhymenhypnsleephysteruterusiatrmedicine; physicianichthyfishileileumiliiliumimmunimmuneiridirisiriirisischiischiumischdeficiency; blockageisequ

12、al; samejejunjejunumkalpotassiumkarynucleuskeratcorneakerathorny tissue; hardkinmovementkinesimovement; motionkyphhumplabilipslabyrinthlabyrinthlacrimtear duct, tearlactmilklaminlamina (thin; flat plate or layer)laparabdomenlarynglarynxlatersideleismoothleukwhitelingutonguelipfatlithstone; calculusl

13、oblobelordbent forwardlymphlymphmacrabnormal largenessmammbreastmandibulmandible (lower jawbone)mastbreastmastoidmastoidmaxillmaxilla (upper jawbone)meatmeatus (opening)melanblackmeningmeningesmeniscmeniscus (crescent)menmenstruationmentmindmetruterusmononemorphform; shapemucmucusmycfungusmyelbone m

14、arrow; spinal cordmyelonbone marrowmyosmusclemyringeardrummymusclenarcstupornasnosenatbirthnecrdeath (cells; body)nephrkidneyneurnervenoctnightnyctnightnyctalnightoculeyeoligscanty; fewomphalumbilicu; navelonctumoronychnailooegg; ovumoophorovaryophthalmeyeoptvisionorchidtestis; testicleorchitestis;

15、testicleorchtestis; testicleorganorganormouthorthstraightosteboneotearoveggoxoxygenpachythickpalatpalatepancreatpancreaspapillnippleparathyroidparathyroid glandparbear; give birth to; laborpatellpatella (kneecap)pathdiseasepartbear; give birth to; laborpectorchestpedchild; footpelvpelvis; pelvic bon

16、eperineperineumperitoneperitoneumpetrstonephaclens of the eyephageat; swallowphaklens of the eyephalangpharynxphasspeechphlebveinphotlightphrenmindphysinatureplasmplasmapleurpleurapneumatlung; airpneumlung; airpneumonlung; airpodfootpoligray matterpoikilvaried; irregularpolyppolyp; small growthposte

17、rback (of body)primfirstproctrectumprostatprostate glandpseudfake; falsepsychmindpubpubispuerperchildbirthpulmonlungpupillpupilpyelrenal pelvispylorpylorus (pyloric sphincter)pypuspyrfever; heatquadrfourrachivertebra; spinal or vertebral columnradicnerve rootradiculnerve rootradiradius (lower arm bo

18、ne)rectrectumrenkidneyretinretinarhabdrodshaped, striatedrhinnoserhytidwrinklesrhiznerve rootsalpingfallopian (uterine) tubesarcflesh; connective tissuescapulscapula (shoulder bone)sclersclerascolicrooked, curvedsebsebum (oil)septseptumsialsalivasigmoidsigmoidsinussinussomatbodysomnsleepsonsoundsper

19、matspermatozoan; spermspermspermatozoan; spermsphygmpulsespirbreathe; breathingsplenspleenspondylvertebra; spinal or vertebral columnstapedstapes (middle ear bone)staphylgrapelike clusterssternsternum (breastbone)stethcheststomatmouthstrepttwisted chainssynovisynovia; synovial membranesystemsystemta

20、rstarsals (ankle bones)tarsedge of eyelid; tarsal (instep of foot)tendintendontendtendontentendontesttestis; testiclethermheatthoracthorax (chest)thrombclotthymthymus glandthyroidthyroid glandthyrthyroid glandtibitibia (lower leg bone)tomcut; sectiontontension, pressuretonsilltonsilstopplacetoxicpoi

21、sontrachelneck; neckliketrachetracheatrichhairtympaneardrum; middle earulnulna (lower arm bone)ungunailureterureterurethrurethraurinurine; urinary tractururine; urinary tractuteruterusuvuluvulavaginvaginavalvvalvevalvulvalvevasvessel; ductvenveinventriculventriclevertebrvertebra; spinal or vertebral

22、 columnvesicbladder; sacvesiculseminal vesiclesviscerinternal organsvulvvulvaxanthyellowxerdry PrefixesPrefixDefinitionawithout or absence ofabfrom; away fromadto; towardanwithout or absence ofanaup; again; backwardantebeforeantiagainstapouponbitwobintwobradyslowcatadowncontogethercontraagainstdefro

23、m; down from; lack ofdiathorough; pletedisto undo; free fromdysdifficult; labored; painful; abnormalectooutside; outerendowithinepion; upon; overesoinwardeunormal; goodexoutside; outwardexooutside; outwardextraoutside of; beyondhemihalfhyperabove; excessivehypobelow; inplete; deficientinin; into; no

24、tinfraunder; belowinterbetweenintrawithinmalbadmesomiddlemetaafter; beyond; changemicrosmallmultimanyneonewnullinonepanall; totalparabeside; beyond; aroundperthroughperisurrounding (outer)polymany; muchpostafterprebefore; in front ofprobeforerebackretroback; behindsemihalfsubunder; belowsuperover; a

25、bovesupraabovesymtogether; joinedsyntogether; joinedtachyfast; rapidtetrafourtransthrough; across; beyondtrithreeultrabeyond; excessunioneSuffixesacpertaining toalpertaining toarpertaining toarypertaining toealpertaining toialpertaining toicpertaining toouspertaining toagraexcessive painalgiapainaph

26、eresisremovalaseenzymeastheniaweaknessatresiaabsence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closurecapniacarbon dioxidecelehernia; protrusioncentesissurgical puncture to aspirate fluidcidalkillingclasiabreakclasisbreakclastbreakclysisirrigating; washingcoccus (pl. cocci)berryshaped ( a form of bacterium)crineseparate; secretecritto separatecytecelldesissurgical fixation; fusiondromerun; runningectasisstretching out; dilatation; expansionectomyexcision or surgical removalectopiadisplacementemesis