钟华：六级阅读培训讲座.ppt

1、大学英语六级考试阅读理解主讲人：钟华（副教授）大学英语教学大纲要求 n大学英语教学的目的是：“培养学生具有较强的阅读能力和一定的听、说、写、译能力，使他们能用英语交流信息”n“较强的阅读能力”包括阅读速度和阅读理解两个方面。n阅读速度：阅读语言难度较高的一般性题材的文章，速度达到每分钟70词；n阅读理解：能顺利阅读语言难度较高的一般性题材的文章，掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，并能就文章的内容进行分析、推理、判断和综合概括，领会作者的观点和态度。大学英语六级考试大纲要求n阅读理解部分测试学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，又要求有一定的速度。n具体测试学生下列阅读能力：n既能理解

2、个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系；n既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隐含的意思；n既能理解事实和细节，也能理解所读材料的主旨和大意；n能就文章的内容进行判断、推测和信息转换。大学英语六级考试简介n由四篇阅读理解短文（平均长度为每篇360词）和20道阅读理解题组成，考试时间为35分钟。n总阅读量：1400词（短文）+1000词（题目）=2400词n 阅读速度：2400词 35分钟=69词/分钟注意：不包括答题所需的思考时间六级考试成绩为何不够理想？n阅读速度跟不上n阅读短文时“只见树木不见森林”（85%的试题考察对短文主题和中心思想的理想，只有15%的试题涉及细节）n不熟悉出题和解题思路六级

3、考试短文题材n考试文章题材包含社会、文化、史地、科普及人物传记等内容。六级考试短文体裁n考试体裁以说明文和议论文为主。说明文n说明文一般由三大部分构成：提出问题或观点说明和阐述结论。n阅读技巧：n仔细阅读第一、三部分和各段的首句，它们往往能说明作者的主要观点和写作意图。n注意文章的行文方式（常见的有定义、比较、对照和分类等）和信号词议论文n议论文一般由三大部分构成：提出问题反驳与论证结论。n阅读技巧：n仔细阅读第一、三部分和各段的首句，它们往往能说明作者的论点和要反驳的内容。n注意论证中表示因果、递进和转折的信号词n注意作者使用的表达赞同、反对等感情色彩的形容词、副词或句型。常见的语流信号词n

4、表示时间：now,then,next,afterwards,meantime,meanwhile,presently,atlastn表示列举：first,second,next,finally,namely,forexample,inotherwordsn表示类似：likely,similarly,likewisen表示对照或转折：but,unlike,however,while,whereas,nonetheless,nevertheless,notwithstanding,infact,indeed,virtually,practicallyn表示递进或引申：besides,further

5、(more),inaddition,whatsmore,moreovern表示结论或结果：therefore,asaresult,inthatcase,forthatreason,consequently文章好难怎么办？n首先要自信，冷静下来；n不要为个别难词、难句吓倒，不要反复去读，上下文（尤其是下文）往往能帮助你的理解；n重点理解每段的首句，确定作者的中心思想；n充分运用各种阅读理解的微技能和意流层次分析等技巧，阅读时积极预测、及时归纳、分析层次、各个击破文章好难怎么办？n文章难在哪里？n短文涉及的题材专业性较强，话题生疏；n短文的结构错综复杂，理不清层次；n短文中多有结构复杂的长句；n短

6、文中有许多生词、成语等。n小窍门：想考倒你的题目本身往往能帮助你理解原文哦！先看题目，还是先读文章？n先读文章（注意速度，不要纠缠在某些词句上）n再答题n分析题干，确定问题类型；n阅读题目的选择项；n根据问题类型，确定答案出自短文的位置，重读该部分短文；n排除题目的干扰项，选择正确答案。六级阅读理解四大类题型n词汇语义题 n重要细节判断题n主题思想归纳题n暗示推断题词汇语义题常见题干nTheword“”mostprobablymeans_.nTheexpression“”standsfor_.nFromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword“”is_.nBy“”,th

7、ewriter(probably)means_.nTheauthorusesthephrase“”toillustrate_.词汇语义题常考题目类型n词组短语；n生僻单词；n旧词新义；n指代性名词或代词。词汇语义题解题技巧n如果是生词，首先根据构词法知识进行猜测n根据上下文线索来帮助判断n注意：n解答这类试题一定要紧扣该词的基本意义和短文内容n一定要注意排除干扰项中与上下文并不吻合的我们所熟悉的定义如何根据上下文推断词义n利用定义或重述n利用相关信息n利用举例n利用比较、对照关系n利用常识性知识ExamplesnIfwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,

8、refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.To“liveacompletelysedentarylife-style”inthepassagemeans_.A.toliveaninactivelifeB.toliveadecentlifeC.tolivealifewithcompletefreedomD.tolifealiveofvice(RestatementorDefinition)ExamplesnThough classed w

9、ith the carnivores,thegrizzly bear is largely vegetarian and rarelyeats flesh.During the summer these bearsare avid fishers and comb the waters ofmountainstreamsandriverstocatchsalmonswimmingupstream.Whatdoesthewordcarnivoremean?A)avegetableeaterB)aflesheaterC)afishermanD)atypeofbear(CompareandContr

10、ast)ExamplesnIn the critical area of food production,newcooperativeeffortsinagriculturalresearchanddevelopment are paying off.Food scientistsare discovering that humankind is nowherenear the limits of plant,livestock,and soilproductivity.Thephrase“payingoff”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?A

11、)costingalotB)attractingattentionC)showingsuccess D)hardwork(RelevantInformation)ExamplesnHerbicides,like all chemicals sprayed in theenvironment,have some adverse affects.Notonlyhaveearthwormsandothersoilmicroorganismsbeenkilledbysomeherbicides,but also much needed insect predators havebeendestroye

12、dbythesechemicals.The word“adverse”could be best replaced bywhichofthefollowing?nA)unusualB)interestingC)harmfulD)notorious(CommonKnowledge)ExamplesnTrucks rank high in meeting the transportationneedsofmostmanufacturers.Theyarethemostfrequently used form of transportation,for tworeasons:1)theyofferd

13、oor-to-doordeliveryfromthe manufacturer to the customer withoutintermediate unloading and 2)they operate onpublichighwaysthatdonotrequireanexpensiveterminalorright-of-wayasairlinesandrailroadsdo.The main drawback of trucks is that theycannotcarryalltypesofcargo.ExamplesFederal regulations limit weig

14、ht loadsand truck dimensions,so trucks cannotcost-effectivelyhaulheavy,bulkycommoditieslikesteelorcoal.nThe word“drawback”may best bereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?A)designflawB)influenceC)disadvantageD)mission(CompareandContrast)ExamplesnTodeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchers haveputsu

15、bjectsthrough asetofpsychological and performance tests requiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecall a passage read to them only minuteseasier.“Wevefoundthatifyoureinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemory is weakened,as are abilities to makedecisionsandtoconcentra

16、te.”ExamplesnWhatsthemeaningoftheword“subjects”intheparagraph?A)theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficitB)special branches of knowledge that arebeingstudiedC)people whose behavior or reactions arebeingstudiedD)the psychological consequences of sleepdeficit(Exemplification)ExamplesnCompetitors maynotbeaware ofoneanother,while the parties to a conflict are.Conflict andcompetition are both categories of opposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocial entities function in the disservice