托福历年词汇真题 第二部分.docx

1、托福历年词汇真题 第二部分 托福历年词汇真题 第二部分101. The range of the New York canal system was still further extended when the states of Ohio and Indiana, inspired by the success of the Erie Canal, provided water connections between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.The word extended is closest in meaning to which of follow

2、ing?(A) increased(B) constructed(C) deepened(D) measured102. The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans had trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the Great American Desert to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for

3、forage was a cultivated plant.The word barren is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) lonely(B) dangerous(C) uncomfortable(D) infertile103. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and store

4、d it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed.The word preferred is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ordinary(B) available(C) required(D) favored104. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems.The word hard is closest in meaning to whic

5、h of following?(A) firm(B) severe(C) difficult(D) bitter105. Nevertheless, most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.The word divergence is closest in meaning t

6、o which of following?(A) description(B) development(C) difference(D) display106. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone,

7、 but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent areas was stone widely used in dwellings.The word durable is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) attractive(B) expensive(C) refined(D) long-lastingThe word dwelling is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) houses(B) towns(C) outbuildings(D) rura

8、l areas107. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately paneled.The word elaborately is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) done in great detail(B) put together carefully(C) using many co

9、lors(D) reinforced structurally108. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chanceconversation with stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on.The word chance is cl

10、osest in meaning to which of following?(A) unplanned(B) unusual(C) lengthy(D) lively109. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is should be an integral part of ones entire life.The word integral is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) an equitable(B) a profitable(C) a pleasant

11、(D) an essential110. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean has been called the Ring of Fire because so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there. Before the 1960s, geologists could not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes were concentrated in that region.The word conce

12、ntrated is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) allowed(B)clustered(C) exploded(D) strengthened111. In the United States in the early 1800s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States chartered manufacturing, banking, mining, and trans

13、portation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes, and railroads.The word effect is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) value(B) argument(C) influence(D) restraint112. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct w

14、ays: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.The word distinct is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) separate(B) innovative(C) alarming(D) provocativ

15、e113. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.The word setting is closest in meaning to which of following?(

16、A) discussing(B) analyzing(C) establishing(D) avoiding114. Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal govern

17、ment pursued several courses of action.The word ends is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) benefits(B) decisions(C) services(D) goals115. What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on mega fossil

18、s-relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals.The word drastic is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) widespread(B) radical(C) progressive(D) risky116. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The techn

19、ique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals.The word extracted is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) located(B) preserved(C) removed(D) studied117. The technique has unco

20、vered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter.The word instances is closest in meaning to which of following?(

21、A) methods(B) processes(C) cases(D) reasons118. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they wereentombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.The word entombed is clos

22、est in meaning to which of following?(A) crushed(B) trapped(C) produced(D) excavated119. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics - whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans - have always shown a marked taste for portraiture.The wor

23、d marked is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pronounced(B) fortunate(C) understandable(D) mysterious120. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. O

24、nce again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.The phrase ushering in is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) beginning(B) demanding(C) publishing(D) increasingThe word executed is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) sold

25、(B) requested(C) admired(D) created121. Local crafts people-sign, coach, and house painters-began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found

26、 it worth their while to pack their paints, canvases, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting.The word sketching is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) drawing(B) hiring(C) helping(D) discussing122. Both the number and the percentag

27、e of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.The word domains is closest in meanin

28、g to which of following?(A) fields(B) locations(C) organizations(D) occupations123. The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making pos

29、sible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.The word fundamental is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) possible(B) basic(C) gradual(D) unique124. To be sure, there were still small workshops, where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from n

30、ewspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures.The word skilled is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) hardworking(B) expert(C) well-paid(D) industrial125. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided overwhat were essentially handicraft propri

31、etorships that coexisted within a single building.The words presided over in line 20 are closest in meaning to(A) managed(B) led to(C) worked in(D) produced126. Objects in the universe show a variety of shapes: round planets (some with rings) , tailed comets, wispy cosmic gas and dust clouds, ringed nebulae, pinwheel-shaped spiral galaxies, and so on. But none of the shapes on this list describes the largest single entities in the universe.The word entities is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) factors(B) processes(C) objects(D)