学年中考英语语法专项复习动词及时态.docx

1、学年中考英语语法专项复习动词及时态中考英语语法专项复习-动词及时态中考英语语法专项复习-动词及时态考点一动词的分类分类定义例词实义动词实义动词是指具有完整意义，可以单独作谓语的动词，主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据能否带宾语，又分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词borrow, enjoy, put, forget, worry, love, guess, use不及物动词arrive，come，go，run，walk，cry，swim，fall，happen连系动词连接主语和表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词称为连系动词。be，seem，look，become，get，grow，feel，ap

2、pear，turn助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语动词，表示时态、语态、语气等特征。帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。有人称和数的变化。be(am, is, are)，do(does, did, done)，have(has, had)，shall，will情态动词情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等，表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。can，could，may，might，must，need，shall，should，will，would动词短语常见以下六种类型：1.动词+介词，宾语位于介词后。例如：look f

3、or; listen to; talk about/with; think about2.动词+副词，代词作宾语时须用“动词+代词+副词”形式；名词作宾语可以在副词前，也可在副词后。例如：turn on/off/ up/down; pick up; call up; take out3.动词+副词+介词，宾语位于介词后。例如：come up with; run out of; get on/along with4.动词+名词+介词，宾语在介词后；名词前可以加形容词限定。例如：take (good) care of; take pride in; pay (more) attention to5

4、.动词+名词（后无宾语）。例如：take place; lose heart6. be+形容词+介词，形容词前可加程度副词。如very等。例如：be proud of; be angry with; be interested ina考点二动词的时态一、时态构成时态构成一般现在时主语+动词原形+其他主语（第三人称单数）+动词的单数形式+其他一般过去时主语+动词过去式+其他一般将来时主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他主语+be going to+动词原形+其他现在进行时主语+am/is/are+v. -ing+其他过去进行时主语+was/were+v. -ing+其他现在完成时主语+ha

5、ve/has+过去分词+其他中学阶段见到的其他时态时态构成过去完成时主语+had+过去分词+其他过去将来时主语+would+动词原形+其他主语+was/were going to+动词原形现在完成进行时主语+have/has+been+现在分词+其他二、时态的应用及动词变化形式1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时的用法用法例句表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态，常与always，often，sometimes，every day等频率副词或时间状语连用。I often go to school at seven.我经常在七点钟去上学。We visit Uncle Liu every month.我

6、们每月都去看望刘叔叔。表示客观事实或普遍真理。The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will leave.如果明天不下雨我将离开。go，come，leave，arrive等瞬间动词常用一般现在时表计划、安排好的将要发生的动作。The train for Beijing leaves at 5: 30.开往北京的火车5: 30离开。【巧学妙记】学习一般现在时，基本用法要熟悉。表示动作常发生，特征性格和能力。存在状态和习惯，客观事实与真理。如果主语是单三，谓语

7、就要变一变。(2)动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则规则举例一般情况下直接加-sreadreads writewritesrunruns swimswims以-ch, -sh, -s, -x或-o结尾的词加-esteachteaches washwashesgogoes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es，但“元音字母+y”则直接加-strytries carrycarriesstudystudies staystaysplayplays saysays2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时的用法表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与yesterday, last year, in 1

8、976, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：I met him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇到他了。表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频度的副词连用，但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。例如：He often went to school by bus last term.上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果下雨他就不去了。(2)动词

9、过去式的变化规则及读音一般过去时常用动词的过去式表示。不规则动词的过去式有其特殊形式，要特别记忆。be动词的过去式为was/were。规则实义动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-d或-ed，其变化规律见下表：例词规律总结读音规则playplayed;helphelped一般直接加-ed清辅音后读/t/，如helped, laughed浊辅音，元音后读/d/，如lived, stayed/t/和/d/后读/id/，如needed, startedmovemoved;useused以不发音的e结尾的加-dstudystudied;carrycarried以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加-edstopst

10、opped;fitfitted;fixfixed以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(x除外)结尾的重读闭音节双写结尾字母再加-ed(3)句式变换肯定式疑问式否定式I worked.Did I work?I did not work.He(She, It)worked.Did he(she, it) work?.He(She, It) did not workWe(They, You) worked.Did we(they, you) work?We(They, You) did not work.3.现在进行时用法例句表示现在（说话瞬间）正在发生的动作，常见的时间状语有now，at the mome

11、nt等。如果句首有提示性动词look，listen等，主句也用现在进行时They are watching TV now.他们现在正在看电视。Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.听！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段一直进行的动作She is working in a factory.她正在一家工厂工作。表示位置移动的动词，如come，go，leave，arrive等常用现在进行时表示最近即将发生的动作Im coming.我这就来。We are leaving tomorrow.我们将明天离开。现在进行时与always，all the

12、 time等副词或短语连用常表示某种强烈的感情Alice is always thinking of others.艾丽斯总是想着别人。现在分词的变化规律：规律总结例词以不发音的e结尾的动词去e再加-ingmakemakinghavehaving以一个单独发音的元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ingswimswimmingrunrunning以-ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-inglielyingtietying不符合上述情况的直接加-ingplayplayingsingsinging初中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母变现在分词的动词有：shop, s

13、top, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer，babysit4.过去进行时构成肯定句：S+was(were)+v. -ing+其他否定句：S+was(were)+not+v. -ing+其他一般疑问句：Was(Were)+S+v. -ing+其他用法表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作。（动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明）常用时间状语at 9: 00 a. m. yesterday; at this time last night；from seven to nine; when, w

14、hile引导的时间状语从句【温馨提示】(1)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时，另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。例如：My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park.在公园散步的时候，我的钢笔掉到地上了。(2)表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，不考虑动作的先后顺序，主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时，连词常用while。例如：The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.学生们在看书，而老师在批改

15、他们的家庭作业。5.一般将来时(1)一般将来时的构成：will +动词原形(主语是第一人称时也可用shall +动词原形)be(am, is, are) going to +动词原形(2)一般将来时的用法：表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon, later, next time, in+一段时间等连用。例如：Ill start tomorrow.我明天动身。“be going to +动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事，这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。例如：She has bought some cloth and

16、she is going to make herself a dress.她买了一些布，准备为自己做一件连衣裙。【温馨提示】一般将来时的其他表达方式(1)“be +doing”表示按计划安排好的事情，常与少量表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，start，move，leave等连用Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天我就要动身去北京了。(2)在表示车、船、飞机等的进出时间时，可以用一般现在时表示将来My plane will take off/takes off at 6: 30 a. m.我乘坐的飞机将在早上6: 30起飞。6.现在完成时(1)现在完成时的构

17、成have/has+动词的过去分词have/has为助动词，无实际意义(2)现在完成时的用法表示说话之前已经完成了的动作，而且这个动作对现在仍有影响，常与already，yet，in the past few years等时间状语连用I have seen the film already.我已经看过这部电影了。（已知电影内容）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与by now，so far，since/for等时间状语连用I have studied in the school since 2009.自从2009年我就在这所学校学习。用现在完成时来描述一个从过去一直延续到现在的动作时

18、，其谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。现在完成时中的时间状语表示的是一段时间时，句中的动词一定要用延续性动词。常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化对照表：非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词borrow/lendkeepdiebe deadopenbe openclosebe closedbuyhavejoinbe in/a member ofleavebe away(from)finish/endbe overbegin/startbe onarrive/comebe here/ incatch/get a coldhave a coldmarrybe married(3)一般过去时与现在完

19、成时的区别区别例句一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯的叙述过去发生的事情，强调过去，与具体的表示过去的时间连用Tom lived in Beijing two years ago.两年前汤姆住在北京。（不知道现在是否还住在北京）现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去，但是对现在有影响Tom has lived in Beijing for two years.汤姆住在北京两年了。（现在汤姆仍然还在北京）7.过去完成时(1)构成：主语+had+过去分词(2)用法：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作（即“过去的过去”）。因此使用过去完成时必须以过去某一时间作为前提，通常用by, bef

20、ore短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句来表示。例如：After the sun had set, we decided to return home.太阳落山以后，我们决定回家。用于宾语从句，从句表示在主句以前发生的动作。She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道是谁让门开着的。现在完成时与过去完成时的区别用法例句现在完成时与过去完成时的用法相同，只是作为衡量标准的时间不同；现在完成时是以现在这个时刻作衡量标准，而过去完成时是以过去某个时间作衡量标准He has travelled to most of the

21、 cities in China in the past five years.五年来他已经游遍了中国的大多数城市。When we got there, the football match had already started.当我们赶到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。8.过去将来时(1)过去将来时的构成：would +动词原形should +动词原形was/were + going to +动词原形(2)过去将来时的用法：用法例句表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态；这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中；常用的时间状语有two days later, the next week, t

22、he following day等Tom said he would come.汤姆说他要来的。Linda said she was going to see her aunt.琳达说她打算去看她的姑妈。Mr Green told us we were going to have a party at the weekend.格林先生告诉我们周末我们要办一个晚会。【温馨提示】在由if引导的条件状语从句中，主句是过去将来时，if从句只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：They said that they would go fishing if it didnt rain the next d

23、ay.他们说如果第二天不下雨，他们就去钓鱼。【巧学妙记】should, would加原形，“过去将来”就构成。过去将来不独立，经常用于“宾从句”。过去认为将发生，过去将来时态用。过去将来不单行，只可用于从句中。9.现在完成进行时(1)构成：have/ has been +v. -ing(2)用法：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，这时特别强调现在该动作仍在进行，常和for, since引导的时间状语连用。例如：We have been learning English for 5 years.我们已经学了五年英语。(3)现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时表完成的概念，现在完成进行

24、时表动作的持续。例如：Ive read your book.我读过你的书。（书读完了）Ive been reading your book.我一直在读你的书。（书未读完）许多非延续性动词不能用现在完成进行时，因此用现在完成时来代替。例如：I have known him for three years.我认识他已经三年了。中考英语语法专项复习动词及时态习题.用所给词的适当形式填空1. Im sorry that I didnt answer your phone. I _ (listen) to music and didnt hear the ring.2. Mr. Liu isnt her

25、e now. He _ (go) to Beijing.3. My mother often _ (enjoy) the TV plays in the evening.4. We know each other well because we_ (be) friends since ten years ago.5. I _ (visit) my aunt on the farm last weekend.单项选择1. I called you last night, but you didnt answer it. Im terribly sorry. I _ a meeting at th

26、at time.A. had B. was having C. am having2. This silk dress_ so smooth. Its made in China.A. feels B. smells C. sounds D. tastes3. Where is Mr Black? I have something important to tell him.You cant find him. He_ Hong Kong.A.will go toB.B. would go toC.has gone toD.D. has been to4. Have you ever been

27、 to Shanghai?Yes. I_ there a few months ago.A.have beenB. went C. have gone5.The rich mansays he_ all his money to charities when he dies.A. leavesB. leftC. will leaveD. would leave6. There_ an English party in our school tomorrow evening.A. haveB. will haveC. is going to haveD. will be7. Hello, may

28、 I speak to Zhang Jun?Oh, sorry! He _ to Guiyang.A.has beenB. has goneC. went8. I _ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it!A. leftB. went away fromC. have leftD. have been away from9. There _ some flowers on the teachers desk just now, but now there _ nothing on it.A. have; hasB. were; wasC.

29、were; isD. has; has10. I called you at 4: 00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.Sorry, I_with my friends at that time.A.swimB.swamC.will swimD. was swimming11. Dont make so much noise. The children _ an English lesson.A. haveB. are havingC. were having12. She_ this book for nearly three weeks.A. has borrowedB. has lentC. has boughtD. has kept13. How long has Sam been skating?He_ for five hou