4名词性从句讲解.docx

1、4名词性从句讲解 英语语法-名词性从句讲解在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接1. 连接代词：who， whose， whom， what， which.有词义，在从句中担任成分。2. 连接副词：when， where， why， how有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3. 连接词：that， whether， if， as if在从句中不担任成分，有时可省

2、略； 二. 具体分类 1、主语从句：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused

3、the accident remains unknown.(6)Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。（7）Whatever you did is right. （8）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.（9）What we need is time. （10）What we need are good doctors.(11) What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟

4、我们说什么，还不清楚。(12) It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。再观察下例句子，找出主语从句。（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（4）It is strange that he should do that.（5）I

5、t is important that we all should attend the meeting.（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.（7）It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=

6、He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. （12）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于

7、句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1. 2. 3 主语从句通常用should + V-原形）（1）It + be + n. + that从句 It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is a fact that（2）It + be + adj. + that从句 It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that （3）It + be + V-pp动词的过去分词 + that从句 It is suggested (requested

8、, proposed, desired, etc.) that It is known to us all that It is reported/ believed / considered /that It has been proved that已证实（4）It + Vi + that 从句 It happened (to sb) that （某人）碰巧 It occurred to sb that 某人突然想起. It matters that 重要的是 It doesnt matter how/whether怎么样/是否没有什么关系 It seems that好像 It turned

9、 out that练 习1.Watch out! _ smoking here shall be fined at once.(caught)当心！无论抓到谁在此吸烟都会立刻罚款。2._ the open ceremony gave the students much encouragement.(attend)校长亲自参加开幕式，这给学生带来了极大的鼓舞。3._ college students should learn more about Chinese history.(it)我认为大学生了解更多历史很重要。4._ is clear to us.(land)我们很清楚是谁第一个登上月球

10、的。5._ there was a short cut to the history museum.(occur)我突然想起去历史博物馆有条近路。6.It is announce that _ in the examination will be graded zero.(catch)已宣布任何被抓到在考试中作弊的学生都得零分。7._ is the salary and the chance to travel. (attract)吸引我做这份工作的是其薪水和有去旅游的机会。8.It matters little how a man dies; _ is how he lives.(matte

11、r)一个人是如何死的这不重要，重要的是他是怎样生活的。9._doesnt make much difference if he wants to apply for this job.(abroad)如果他想申请这份工作，他是否出国并没有太大的影响。10._in the game worried his coach.(make)那个运动员在比赛中可能会犯错，这让他的教练很着急。2.宾语从句：作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 （1）He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。（2）I dont know if t

12、here will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车。（3）Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试。（4）Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那时老师们在问我是否我曾经去过那里。(5)Do you know who has won Red Alert game？你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？(6)The book will show you what the best CEO should

13、 know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。（7）Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia call phone？你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？（8）Can you tell me if there any shop here?你能告诉我这里有商店吗？（9）He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.（10）Could you please tell me how you use the new panel.你

14、能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗（11）None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.(一)从属连词：连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether，和疑问词（what how where when .) that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether，whether.or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。（二）关联代词：连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever

15、等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。（三）关联副词：连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.*动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句如：We all expect （that ）they will win, for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙

16、的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out（that）all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗*动词短语也可以带宾语从句，常见的这些词有：Make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in yo

17、ur papers before you turn them in.当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.*可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.I hav

18、e made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）这类动词主要有：hate, like, appreciateI hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.I would appreciate it if y

19、ou are willing to help me.如果你愿意帮我，我将不胜感激。若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.*介词的宾语从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up i

20、nto space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句：有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.*形容词的宾语从句有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如；I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you

21、sure his answer is right?常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.注意事项：1）在句中可以作谓语动词/介词/非

22、谓语动词+宾语注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2）用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, ho

23、w, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：He says tha

24、t he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）He says that he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）I know (that)He has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时

25、态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。 5. 动词后有两个宾从，第一个宾从的that 可以省略

26、，第二个不能省。3、表语从句：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。 （how 在表语从句中充当方式状语）The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。（what 在表语从句中充当宾语)What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本

27、。 （what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因（why 在表语从句中充当原因状语）The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。It looks as if it is going

28、to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。（第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因）He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果）需要注意的，当主语是reason

29、时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .4、同位语从句什么叫同位语1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang,my childs teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2.短语作同位语I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最

30、大的女孩，总是要照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that

31、引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。The idea that y