高中英语 词汇详解Module 1 Small Talk 教学素材 外研版选修6.docx

1、高中英语 词汇详解Module 1 Small Talk 教学素材 外研版选修6知识感悟一、词汇详解 1.lack vt.&vi. 缺乏;缺少 n.缺少;缺少的东西 【典型例句】She lacks the money to buy new clothes.她缺少钱买新衣服。 In the hot summer the plants lacked water.炎热的夏天,植物缺水。 They lacked for nothing.他们什么都不缺。 He can not buy it because of the lack of money.他因缺钱买不起这个。 Water is a lack o

2、f this region.这个地区缺水。 【要点归纳】 lack作动词用时,没有被动语态。 lack作名词用时,如果表示“缺少的东西”,前面要加不定冠词。 【相关链接】 lack构成的短语： for/by/from lack of因缺乏;因无 no lack of不缺乏；很多 lack in在缺少不足英汉互译(1)Owing to lack of time,we cannot do more than what we have done. _答案:由于时间不够,我们只能做到这样。 (2)由于时间不够,我的画还没有完成。 _ _答案:I havent finished the painting

3、 for lack of time. (3)缺少雨水,地面非常干燥。 _ _答案:There has been a lack of rain and the ground is very dry. 2.advance adj.预先的；在前的 n.前进;增长;进步 vi.&vt.进展;提升;促进;提出;提前 【典型例句】 I have received an advance payment. 我已收到一笔预付款。 The invention of the wheel is a great advance in human history. 在人类历史上车轮的发明是一项巨大进步。 Plane ti

4、ckets are booked in advance. 飞机票要提前预订。 He worked so well that he was soon advanced to the position of secretary. 他工作做得很好,不久被提升为秘书。 Chemical fertilizers advance the growth of crops. 化肥促进庄稼生长。 It was Hawking that advanced the theory of Black Holes. 是霍金提出了“黑洞理论”。 【要点归纳】 in advance 在前头;预先,事先 in advance

5、of在前面;比进步;超过 advance on/upon/toward 朝前进,向推进;进击单项填空(1)The first quarter of this year has witnessed a big _in our car production. Which of the following is NOT right? A.improvement B.increase C.progress D.advance提示:句意为“今年第一季度,我们的汽车生产有了大幅度的提高”。只有progress是不可数名词,前面不加冠词。 答案:C 单句改错(2)Galileos ideas were we

6、ll in the advance of the age in which he lived. _答案:去掉第一个the(3)The launch of Change 1 satellite to the moon next year will be big advance in the space exploration for our nation. _答案:big前加a 3.think of 想起;回忆起;考虑;想到;认为 【典型例句】 I often think of my old friends back home. 我经常想起远在家乡的老朋友。 When I said that,I

7、 was not thinking of her feelings. 我讲那话时,并没有考虑到她的感情。 I wouldnt think of disturbing them at this hour of the night. 我不想在这样的深更半夜去打扰他们。 What do you think of the new film the Banquet? 你觉得新片夜宴怎么样? 【要点归纳】 What do you think of.?用来询问对方对某事、某人的评价。 【相关链接】 think构成的短语： think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑 think out想出；

8、设计出 think up想出(设计出；发明；编造)介副词填空(1)The plan is well thought _. 答案:of(2)Cant you think _a better excuse than that? 答案:up(3)I must think _a way of solving the problem 答案:out(4)I tried to think _a funny game for the children to play. 答案:up(5)We just wouldnt think _going without you. 答案:of(6)Its certain t

9、hat an offer is well worth thinking _. 答案:about(7)What do you think _my new car?答案:of 4.in addition 除此之外;另外 【典型例句】 When Diane fell,she hurt her arm and,in addition,broke her glasses. 黛安妮摔倒时,摔伤了胳臂,还摔坏了眼镜。 In addition to English,he has to study a second foreign language. 除英语外,他还得学第二外语。 【要点归纳】 in addit

10、ion和in addition to的用法与besides相同。 【相关链接】 besides prep.“除之外还有”;adv.“此外”。包含关系。 except prep.“除了之外其他都”,排除关系。 except for prep.“除外”,叙述了总的情况后,用来排除细节情况。在句首时可代替except。 except that “除外”,作逻辑上的宾语。 except when “除外”,作逻辑上的时间状语。 but prep.“除外”,常放在疑问代词和不定代词后面。如:nothing but;who but you。 apart from既可代替 besides,也可代替excep

11、t。 other than“除之外”。有时相当于except,有时在句中表示某事发生的条件。如: You cannot reach the village other than by boat. 除了乘船外,你到不了这个小村庄。单项填空(1)We enjoyed the holiday _the expense. A.except B.besides C.in addition to D.except for提示:用except for排除细节。except for有时也可翻译为“要不是的话”。 答案:D (2)_Japanese,she has to study another foreig

12、n language. A.Except B.Except for C.In addition to D.Beside提示:句意为“除了日语外,她还得学另一门外语”。注意:D项beside改为besides也对。 答案:C (3)My family usually go to the seaside to enjoy the sweet sea wind_work occupies me. A.except that B.except when C.besides that D.in addition to提示:except when在此句是时间状语从句,意为“除了工作忙的时候”。 答案:B

13、5.find out了解(到);找出(信息);发现;打听 【典型例句】 Can you find out Mr Johnsons address for me? 你能帮我查一下约翰逊先生的地址吗? Will you try to find out when the trains leave? 请设法打听一下火车发车的时间好吗? She will find out all his secrets.她将发现他所有的秘密。 【相关链接】 find,find out和discover的区别： find指找到“丢失的东西”或“偶然发现”某物或某事。 When he got to England,he f

14、ound that his English was too limited. 他到达英国时发现他的英语太有限了。 find out的意思是“查明真相”“弄清楚某个事实”,多指经过探听、询问、调查之后才发现某事。 He has found out the man who stole the key. 他已查出了偷钥匙的那个人。 discover指偶然的找到或发现,这时与find同义,也可表示经研究而首次发现早已存在但尚未被人所知的事物、真理或情况,这时与find out同义,但指科学方面的发现时,要用discover。 The book was discovered/found among wa

15、ste papers. 这本书是在废文件中发现的。 Columbus discovered America.哥伦布发现了美洲。单项填空(1)Please ring him up and _the plans for the summer vacation. A.find B.find out C.discover D.know about提示:句意为“请给他打个电话,问问他打算如何度暑假”。find out在此句中指“打听”。 答案:B (2)It is believed by many experts now that it was Zhenghe who first _Australia.

16、 A.foundB.discovered C.travelled D.found out提示:句意为“许多专家认为,是郑和首先发现了澳大利亚”。此句的情景是“地理发现”,所以要用discovered。 答案:B 单句改错(3)Youll find out English important in international businesses. _答案：去掉out。find+宾语+宾补。 6.obligation n.责任;义务 【典型例句】 Our parents fulfilled their obligation to support us. 父母亲尽到了抚养我们的责任。 We are

17、 under an obligation to help the poor.我们有义务帮助穷人。 【要点归纳】 under an obligation有义务;必须汉译英我们大家都有赡养父母的义务。 _ _答案:We all have the obligation to look after our parents. 7.tidy vt.&vi.使整洁;整理 adj.整洁的 【典型例句】 She told me to tidy my room.她让我把房间收拾一下。 Be sure to tidy up before going out.出去之前一定要收拾一下。 Her room is alwa

18、ys clean and tidy. 她的房间总是干净整洁。 【要点归纳】 tidy up=clean up 收拾;整理单项填空He began to _his desk and finish off the weeks work. A.tidy upB.clear up C.do up D.fix up提示:句意为“他开始整理书桌,结束一周的工作”。tidy up 收拾,整理;clear up消除,放晴;do up系上,扣上,包裹;fix up安排,解决。 答案:A 8.favour n.恩惠;照顾;赞成;好意 vt.支持;赞同;有利于【典型例句】 Will you do me a favo

19、r and phone for me?你能否帮忙给我打个电话? He did all she could to win her favor.他尽其所能去赢得她的好感。 Most of us are in favour of the ban on smoking in public places. 我们大部分人支持在公共场合下禁止吸烟。 The weather favored our voyage.天气对我们的航行有利。 【要点归纳】 in favor of赞成;支持 do sb. a favour 给某人帮忙单项填空In the class meeting,all the boy studen

20、ts were _ going camping on the weekend while the girl students werent. A.in honour of B.in favour of C.in search of D.in hope of提示:句意为“在班会上,所有男生同意周末去宿营;而女生不同意”。in honour of为纪念,为庆祝;in favour of支持，同意;in search of寻找;in hope of要改为in the hope of或in hopes of表示“希望”。 答案:B 9.reply n.&vt.&vi.回答;答复;回信 【典型例句】 W

21、hat did you say in reply to her request? 在答复她的请求时你是怎么说的? She replied that she was happy to accept our invitation. 她回复说她很高兴接受我们的邀请。 I did not know how to reply.我不知道怎么回答好。 【要点归纳】 in reply to为答复;作为对的答复 make (no) reply(不)作答复 reply to回答;答复 【相关链接】 reply和answer的区别： (1)如果加间接宾语时,要用: answer sb.that./reply to

22、sb. that. (2)当后面接名词或代词时,answer是及物动词,reply为不及物动词,是正式用语。 answer a question/reply to a question answer a letter/reply to a letter (3)answer the door/doorbell/telephone;不能说reply the door/doorbell/telephone。英汉互译(1)Your reply will clear their minds of doubts._答案:你的回答将消除他们心中的疑团。 (2)他没有答复这封信。_ _ 答案:He did n

23、ot reply to this letter. (3)He gave me no chance to reply to his question. _ _ 答案:他没有给我回答他问题的机会。 (4)你提出与他较量,他作何反应? _ _答案:What did he do in reply to your challenge? 10.leave out 遗漏;漏掉;省略;忽略 【典型例句】 In copying this paper,be careful not to leave out any word. 抄这个文件时,不要漏掉任何一个字。 You can leave out the deta

24、ils;just give us the main facts. 你可以省去细节,只告诉我们主要的事实就行了。 Dont leave our teachers out from the invitations. 请不要忘记邀请我们的老师。 【相关链接】 leave (sth.) to sb.把某事托给某人处理 leave alone 不要打扰;别碰;撇下一个人;让一个单独待着 leave behind 遗留;留下 leave for 离此而去;往出发 leave off 停止;不再使用 leave on 继续穿;让(电灯)亮着介副词填空(1)I think we should leave _

25、now and have a cup of tea 答案:off (2)Can you tell me the time?Ive left my watch _ 答案:behind (3)The electric fire had been left _overnight. 答案:on (4)She left _an important detail in her account 答案:out (5)Now you just leave it _me 答案:to (6)Go way and leave me _ 答案:alone (7)We are leaving _Canada next w

26、eek.答案:for 11.function n.功能;职责 vi.(机器)运行;起作用 【典型例句】 The teacher did not explain its grammatical function. 老师没有解释它的语法功能。 What is his function on the committee? 他在委员会里担任什么职务? The refrigerator is not functioning well. 冰箱有点问题。 The sofa functions as a bed at night. 这沙发在夜里可以当床。英汉互译(1)Some English adverbs

27、function as adjectives. _ _答案:有些英语的副词起形容词的作用。 (2)我的笔书写时不太好用。 _ _答案:My pen does not function very well. 12.imagine n.想像【典型例句】 You can imagine how surprised I was. 你可以想像我是多么惊讶。 I cant imagine your working with such a boring man for as long as five years. 我很难想像你能与那一个无聊的人一起工作了五年。 I imagine him as a big tall man. 我以为他是个高大的人。 【要点归纳】 imagine.as.把想像为 imagine后接动名词作宾语。 【相关链接】