新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册全册书重点单词短语归纳总结新高考一轮复习资料.docx

1、新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册全册书重点单词短语归纳总结新高考一轮复习资料人教版选择性必修第一册重点单词短语Unit 1People of Achievement【话题词汇】1.physicist n. 物理学家2.astronomer n. 天文学家3.technologist n. 技术专家4.biologist n. 生物学家5.zoologist n. 动物学家6.botanist n. 植物学家7.certificate n. 证明；证(明)书8.qualification n. 资格；学历9.responsibility n. 责任；负责10.undertake vt. 承担

2、；从事；负责11.establishment n. 建立12.inspiration n. 灵感13.potential adj. 潜在的14.creative adj. 创造性的15.determined adj. 意志坚定的16.reliable adj. 可信赖的【话题短语】1.make great contributions to 对做出突出贡献2.become involved in 参与3.devote oneself to 致力于4.get over varieties of difficulties 克服各种各样的困难5.play a leading role in 起着重要的

3、作用6.achieve ones dream 实现某人的梦想7.have made rapid progress in 在某方面取得很大的进步8.scientific research 科学研究 9.face the challenge 面对挑战10.set out a new scientific idea 开创科学新观点【话题佳句】1.There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways.毫无疑问，我们在许多不同的方面受益于科学的进步。2.Despite

4、 the difficulties scientist hope future discovery will not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us some while in the future.尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现，不仅能使我们了解宇宙的起源，还能帮助我们在未来更好地生存。3.Scientific technology plays a significant role in our daily life, such as communication and trans

5、portation technology.科学技术在我们的日常生活中发挥着重要作用，如通信和运输技术。【话题练习】1.Scientific technology has already promoted technological improvement that benefit us all.科学技术已经促进了造福于我们所有人的技术改进。2.In conclusion science provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and b

6、etter solutions to peoples short term and long term problems.总之，科学提供了许多不同的益处，因此，他应该继续为人类面临的短期和长期的问题提供新的，更好的解决方法。3.He was one of the best professors Ive ever had, and he really cared about his students and their work.他是我遇到过的最好的教授之一，他对他的学生们和他们的学习非常关心。联想拓展ment表名词，“行为或结果”movement n. 运动agreement n. 协议man

7、agement n. 管理establishment n. 建立，设立improvement n. 改善argument n. 争论表示 “成就”的动词荟萃improve v. 改进，改善promote v. 促进，推动inspire v. 鼓舞contribute v. 有助于achieve v. 取得gain v. 获得联想拓展动词up短语荟萃 (up完全；彻底地)break up 分裂，打碎burn up 完全烧尽 use up 全部用尽 tear up 撕碎eat up 吃光表示“评价”的形容词荟萃remarkable adj. 非凡的dedicated adj. 有献身精神的outs

8、tanding adj. 杰出的respected adj. 受尊敬的responsible adj. 负责任的admirable adj. 令人钦佩的高频考点探究1vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的【教材原句】Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分。 be vital to. 对很重要It is vital to do sth. 做某事是很重要的It is vital that. 是十分重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即should do,

9、should可以省略)【佳句背诵】Understanding history is vital to/for understanding ourselves as a people and nation.作为一个民族和一个国家，了解历史对于了解我们自身是至关重要的。2commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)【教材原句】Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from P

10、eking University Medical School in 1955.屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。(1)commit.to 把送交，托付给；对作出承诺，承担义务，担负责任；使(自己)致力于commit oneself to do. 承诺；保证做某事commit a crime 犯罪(2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉【知识拓展】过去式、过去分词committed, committed【佳句背诵】Be totally committed to

11、 what you do, as excellence is only possible with commitment.完全致力于你所做的事，因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。3evaluate vt.评估；评价【教材原句】Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. 她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。(1)evaluate sb. on/by 根据评价某人(2)evaluatio

12、n n. 估计；评价make an evaluation of 对进行评估【佳句背诵】Writing down your progress allows you to objectively evaluate your work.写下你的进度可以让你客观地评估你的工作。4acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢【教材原句】However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不接受失败。acknowledge (doing/having done) sth.承认(做了)某事acknowledge sb./sth.

13、 to be/as 承认某人/某物是acknowledge that. 承认Its generally/universally acknowledged that.大家公认acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢；谢礼【词源解读】acknowledge由ac“在(at)”和knowledge“知道(know)”构成，即“处于知道的状态”。其词源义及基本义为“承认”。【佳句欣赏】It is universally acknowledged that wealth doesnt necessarily mean happiness.众所周知，财富并不一定意味着幸福。5circumstanc

14、e nusually pl. 条件；环境；状况There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。(1)in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下(2)in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)【知识拓展】以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。at no time, in no way, in no sense, on

15、 no account, on no condition【佳句背诵】Under no circumstances shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a better place to live in. 在任何情况下，我们都不会放弃我们的信念，即我们可以使这个世界成为一个更美好的居住地。6come to power(开始)掌权；上台【教材原句】Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生

16、了变化。beyond/out of ones power 力所不能及的be in power 执政take power 掌权do all/everything in ones power to do sth.竭尽所能做某事【误区释疑】come to power表示动作，be in power表示状态， come to power不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而be in power可以。7take up a position/post 担任职务，任职【教材原句】After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a r

17、esearcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. 在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据(时间或空间)take away 解除；消除take down 拿下；取下；记下take in 理解；欺骗；接纳take off 脱去；起飞；突然受欢迎take on 呈现；开始雇用【佳句背诵】Forgive me for having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishe

18、s for your health and happiness.请原谅我占用了你这么多的时间，请接受我最美好的祝愿，祝你健康快乐。8insist on坚决要求【教材原句】Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。【典型例句】In conclusion，so long as you insist on doing so，you will succe

19、ed sooner or later.总之，只要你坚持这样做，你迟早会成功的。(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚决要求(做)某事(2)在“insistthat.”结构中，当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。【知识拓展】与insist的用法相似的词还有suggest。当suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。作“表明，暗示”讲时，其后的从句用陈述语气。9Upon hearing that

20、she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said, “The honour is not just mine.”一听到她被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说，“荣誉不仅仅属于我”【典型例句】Upon hearing the exciting news, he jumped with joy. 听到这个令人激动的消息时，他高兴地跳起来。【句式分析】upon/on doing.当时；一就【知识拓展】表示“一就”的结构有：the minute，the moment，the instant, as soon as，immediately，instantly, directl

21、y，hardly.when.，no sooner.than.；on等。10Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的至关重要的成分，被认为仅在非洲每年就能拯救10万人的生命。【典型例句】Its unique scenery is so impressive that it is said to be more beautiful than any other cit

22、y in the world. 它独特的风景是如此令人印象深刻，据说它比世界上任何其他城市都美丽。【句式分析】主语be thought不定式(1)Sth./Sb. is thought to do It is thought that. 据认为不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。(2) 该句型可与It is thought that. 互换。常用于该句型的过去分词还有said, believed, considered, hoped, reported等。【佳句背诵】He is thought to be a learned and modest scholar.他被认为是一位博学、谦逊

23、的学者。Unit 2Looking into the Future【话题词汇】1.telesurgery n. 远程手术 2.available adj. 可利用的 3.accessible adj. 易接近的，易得到的 4.breakthrough n. 重大突破5.fundamental adj. 根本的，十分重大的6.material n. 材料，原料 7.replace v. 取代8.potential adj. 潜在的，可能的 9.predict v. 预言，预告，预测10.significance n. 意义，重要性11.systematic adj. 系统的，有条理的12.tra

24、nsform v. 改造，改革，变换13.update v. 更新；使现代化14.simplify v. 使简化，使简易15.automatic adj. 自动的16.electronic adj. 电子的【话题短语】1.bring convenience to life 给生活带来便利2.make peoples life easier 使人们的生活变得更容易3.environmental friendly energy 环保能源4.global warming 全球变暖5.lead to people being lazy 使人们变懒6.heavy reliance on machines

25、 过度依赖机器7.intelligent appliances 智能家电8.faster and more comfortable means of transportation 更快捷舒适的交通方式9.improve the quality of life for humans 提高人们的生活质量10.be connected to 与相连【话题佳句】1.With the natural resources running out, I will drive my flying machine powered by solar energy.因为自然资源的耗尽，我将驾驶由太阳能驱动的飞行器。

26、2.In the future, all electrical appliances at home are in the control of computers.在未来家里所有的电器都由电脑控制。3.Work robots will take over most jobs in the factories.在工作中，机器人将接管工厂的大部分工作。4.I always look on the positive side of the change and accept it rather than resist it.我总会看到变化积极的一面并接受它，而不是抵制它。【话题练习】1.The I

27、nternet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily, even if they are on opposite sides of the world. Personally, I benefited quite a lot from technology.即使身处世界的两端，互联网使得朋友和家人能很容易地保持联系。就我个人而言，科技进步使我受益匪浅。2.The Internet has also made finding opportunities in life much easier as

28、it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.互联网也使人们更容易在生活中寻找机会，因为它使人们通过使用社交媒体结交更多的朋友。3.New technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. 多年来新科技为各地的人们提供了许多好处。联想拓展前缀fore单词集锦 forecast 预测，预报 forehead 前额forefront 前线forefather 祖先foresee 预知，

29、预见表示情感的名词荟萃annoyance 恼怒anxiety 焦虑enthusiasm 热情sadness 悲伤sorrow 难过pleasure 愉快联想拓展ician名词全扫描electrician 电器magician 魔术师technician 技术员politician 政治家musician 音乐家mathematician 数学家“太空”高频词汇astronomy 天文学astronaut 宇航员gravity 引力orbit 轨道universe 宇宙satellite 卫星高频考点探究1combine vt.&vi.(使)结合；混合【教材原句】Care will also b

30、e taken to combine the buildings and surrounding architecture together to form an effective system.也要小心地将这些大楼和周围的建筑结合起来，形成一个有效的系统。(1)combine.with/and. 把与结合起来combine.into. 把合成(2)combination n. 结合；联合；化合(物)【佳句背诵】The splendid scenery, combined with lovely weather and delicious food，will make our visit to Beijing pleasant and unforgettable.灿烂的风景，加上宜人的天气和美味的食物，将使我们北京之行愉快而难忘。2predict vt. 预测；预言；预料【教材原句】Words such as predict, prediction, and forecast, are also used quite often when making predictions.像predict, prediction和forecast这样的词在进行预测时也经常使用。predict从句 预测predictn.