全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案.docx

1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity

2、are not what they used to be. We suddenly cant remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintances name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent ,this loss of mental focus can potentially h

3、ave a (n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can signific

4、antly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that in

5、telligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attent

6、ion skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developingmuch like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and v

7、ary your muscle use.1.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhy2.Aimproves Bfades Crecovers Dcollapses3.AIf BUnless COnce DWhile4.Auneven Blimited Cdamaging Dobscure5.Awellbeing Benvironment Crelationship Doutlook6.Aturns Bfinds Cpoints Dfigures7.Aroundabouts Bresponses Cworkouts Dassociations8.Agenre Bfunctions Ccir

8、cumstances Dcriterion9.Achannel Bcondition Csequence Dprocess10.Apersist Bbelieve Cexcel Dfeature11.A ThereforeB Moreover C Otherwise D However12.Aaccording to Bregardless of Capart from Dinstead of13.Aback Bfurther Caside Daround14.Asharpness Bstability Cframework Dflexibility15.Aforces Breminds Ch

9、urries Dallows16.Ahold Btrack Corder Dpace17.Ato Bwith Cfor Don18.Airregularly Bhabitually Cconstantly Dunusually19.Acarry Bput Cbuild Dtake20.Arisky Beffective Cidle DfamiliarSectionReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

10、 A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for onlin

11、e job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allowance. “Those first few days should be

12、 spent looking for work, not lookingto sign on.” he claimed. “Were doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really?On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better,

13、 complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness” protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that

14、 only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that s

15、upport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and you

16、r family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependencypermanent dependency if you can get it supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as thou

17、gh 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobsee

18、kers allowance”is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no i

19、nsurance, at 71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21.George Osbornes scheme was intended to.Aprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefitsBencourage jobseekers active engagement in job seekingCmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarilyDguarantee jobseekers legitimate right to

20、 benefits22.The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means.Ato check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentreBto accept the governments restrictions on the allowanceCto register for an allowance from the governmentDto attend a governmental job-training program23.What prompted the

21、chancellor to develop his scheme?AA desire to secure a better life for all.BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed.CAn urge to be generous to the claimants.DA passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel.AuneasyBenragedCinsultedDguilty25.To wh

22、ich of the following would the author most probably agree?AThe British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.BOsbornes reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.CThe jobseekers allowance has met their actual needs.DUnemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the wo

23、rld, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other professionwith the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice a

24、s fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many rea

25、sons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive p

26、reparation for the bar exam. This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both law

27、yers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only tw

28、o years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like

29、 ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out

30、 of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.A lot