外研版英语中考归纳复习专题形容词与副词doc.docx

1、外研版英语中考归纳复习专题形容词与副词doc基础义务教育资料外研版2018年英语中考归纳复习专题：形容词与副词【形容词的用法】形容词是描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词类，主要用来修饰名词或部分 代词。1.形容词的用法功能位置例句She is a beautiful girl.她是一个漂亮的系动词后作表Its very cold today.今天非常冷。keep,make,leave等动词的宾语 You must keep the classroom clean.你.后作宾语补足必须保持教室干净。语语2.名词变形容词名词构成方法意义例词表示天气的 名词v充满的多.的cloud-cloudysu

2、n-sunny表示方位的 名词-ern.方位的朝.方的west-westernsouth-southern表示称谓的 名词-Ly.般的friend-friendly表示时间的 名词-ly每.的week-weeklyday-daily表示物质的 名词-en/-y制成的.般的wood-woodensand-sandy表示情感的 名词-ful.的有的care-carefulbeauty-beautiful-y.的luck-luckyhealth-less不.的无的home-homelesshope-hopeless表示大洲与国家的名词-n.的人的America-AmericanRussia-Russ

3、ian要点提醒:this/thal长短 I 6year（）ld / American高低I如：a nice large square old brown wooden table 一张又大又漂亮的古老的棕色方木桌2.ed ing形容词（考点讲解详见P8考点3）3.在英语中有些形容词通常只用作表语，不可作（前置）定语。这类形容词主要 有：%1表示健康状况的形容词，如ill, well;%1以a开头的表状态的形容词，如：afraid, asleep, awake 等。4.在构词法中，以ly结尾的词并不都是副词，也有形容词。常见的有：friendly （友好的），lovely （可爱的）,livel

4、y （生动的），daily （日常的）等。5.enough既可作形容词，也可作副词。【考点训练1】l.The Bruce family had to give up camping on such a(rain) day.2.In(west) countries,people usually go to church on weekends.3.The little boy is so(care) that he often leaves his homework at home.4.Mountain climbing is a(danger) sport.5.Keep all the win

5、dows.It s too hot in the room. ( )A.opened B.open C.closed D.close6.Robert is so that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends.( )A.busy B.smartC.serious D.pleased答案：rainy western careless dangerous B A【副词的用法】副词是指在句中表示动作或状态特征的词，常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副 词或句子等，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。1 .副词的分类分类定义例词时间no

6、w, then, today, tomorrow,副表示时间的副词ago, lately, soon, recently, right now, before 等词-地点here, there, home, in, out, inside,副表示地点的副词outside, down, up, upstairs,downstairsabove, back,over词-方式描绘动作发生方式的carefully, easily, fast, happily,副副词loudly, quickly, slowly, suddenly词描绘行为、动作或状态 的程度的副词much, a little, ve

7、ry, enough, quite, rather, too, nearly, so, really频度副词描绘一定时间内 动作发生次数的 副词usually, often, sometimes, never, always, hardly (ever) , seldom疑问副词（词组）构成特殊疑问句where, when, why, how, how long, how often, how far, how soon,how old, how much连接连接句子however,therefore副词引导宾语从句how,when,where,why关系副词引导定语从句where, when

8、, why句子副词对句子进行说明，用逗号与主句隔开fortunately,unfortunately, luckily, unluckily, first of all2 .副词的构成副词一般由形容词变化而来，常见变化规则如下:形容词构成方法例词一般情况-lyquick-quicklyslow-slowly以y结尾的双音节词变y为i 再加-lyhappy-happilyheavy-heavily以y结尾的单音节词-lyshy-shylydry-dryly以e结尾开音节 词元音字母+e结 尾-lywide-widelypolite-politely去e加-lytrue-truly以le结尾去e加

9、-ypossible-possibly特殊变化good-well注意：有些副词与形容词同形。如:fast, late, early, hard等。3.副词的用法功 能位置例句状语修饰形 容词、副 词，常位 于被修 饰词的 前面Bill is very tall.比尔非常高。修饰动 词，一般 位于被 修饰动 词之后He jumps high.他跳得高。位于句 首，修饰 整个句 子Luckily,he won the game.幸运的是，他赢得了 比赛。表语位于系动 词之后Class is over.下课。宾语补足语位于动宾结构后We found Li Hua out when we arrive

10、d.当 我们到的时候，发现李华出去了。后置定语一般位于被修饰词之后Life here is rich and interesting.这儿的 生活富裕且有趣。【考点训练2】1.Lily dances as(good) as you.2.Mobile phones are(wide) used in China.3.The children enjoy the life in the country and live (happy) with theirfamilies.4.(lucky),the damage is not serious.5.We will have to set off t

11、o avoid the heavy traffic tomorrow morning.( )A.early B.quietly C.slowly D.politely6.We have to say goodbye,my dear friends! But I will forget the days wespent together.( )A.always B.often C.never D.usually答案：well widely happily Luckily A C【形容词、副词的比较等级】形容词、副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分，通常as.as是原级的标志，than, much, a

12、 little等是比较级的标志,the, in, all, among, one of等是最高级的 标志。1.形容词、副词比较级、最高级的构成规则变化构成方法原级比较级最高级单音 节词一般在词尾加-er或estslowfastslowerfasterslowestfastestlargelargerlargest以不发音的字母e结尾的finefinerfinest词，在词尾加-r或-stlatelaterlatestbigbiggerbiggest以重读闭音节结尾，且词 尾只有一个辅音字母的fatfatterfattest词，先双写该辅音字母，hothotterhottest再加er或estt

13、hinthinnerthinnest以“辅音字母+y 结尾的双 音节词，先把y改为i,再easyeasiereasiest加happyhappierhappiest-er或estearlyearlierearliest和少 数双 音节 词多词 和 部 分 双 音 -Hj- 词在词前加more 或mostbeautifulcarefullymore beautifulmore carefullymost beautifulmost carefully不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostli

14、ttlelessleastfarfarther （较远）further （进一步） farthest （最远）furthest （最大限度）oldolder（年纪较大的）elder （较年长的）oldest （年纪最大的）eldest （最年长的）2.形容词、副词原级的用法结构意义例句as+原级+as与 样She is as tall as her mother.她和她的妈妈一 样高。not as/so+原级+as不如The weather here is not as/so hot as that in W uhan.这儿的天气不如武汉热。4.形容词、副词比较级的用法结构 意义 例句比较级+

15、than两者比较，表 示一方超过 另一方，意为 “比.China is larger than Italy.中国比意大 利大。less+JM 级+than （此结构不用 于单音 节词）两者比较，表 示一方不及 另一方，意为 不如He thinks English is less important tha n Chinese.他认为英语不如汉语重 要。比较级+and+比较级越来越 Our country is becoming s tronger and stronger.我们 的国家正变得越来越强 大。the+比较级，the+比较 级越.， 越.The more, the better.多多

16、 益善。the+ 比较级+of the two+ 复数名词两者中较.的一个John is the cleverer of the two boys.约翰是两个男 孩中较聪明的那一个。Which/Who.+比较级,A or B?表示“两者 比较，哪个（人）更.Who runs faster,Tom or Ja ck?谁跑得更快，汤姆还 是杰克？5.形容词、副词最高级的用法结构意义例句the+最高级+范围表示三者或 三者以上人 或物的比 较，意为 最.Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。the+序数词+最高级+范围第几最.Mike i

17、s the second tallest boy in his class.迈克是他们班上第二高的男 孩。one of the+最高级+复数名词+范围最.之一Kobe is one of the best basketball pl ayers in the NBA.科比是 NBA 最好 的篮球运动员之一。Which/Wh0.+最高级，A,B or C.？表示“在三 者或三者以上的人或物 中，哪个（人）更.Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Jim?谁最高，汤姆，杰克还是吉姆？要点提醒：1.修饰比较级常用的词和短语主要有much,a little,even,sti

18、ll,a lot,far,a bit,any等。 如：It is much colder than yesterday.今天 I:匕H乍天冷得多。 My apple is a little bigger than yours .我的苹果比你的大一点。注意：very,quite常用于修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。2.副词最高级前的the可以省去。在运用最高级的句子中，句末常用of/in/among 等短语来说明比较的范围。如：Kate is the youngest in her class.凯特是她班上最年轻的。Jenny sings (the) most beautifully of the t

19、hree.珍妮是三人之中唱得最动听的。3.倍数的表达方式(1)A+be+倍数+as+原级+as+B 如：Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们的学校是他们的三倍大。(2)A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B如：The box is twice bigger than that one.这个箱子比那个大一倍。(3)A+be+倍数+the size(length/amount.)+of+B 如:The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的体积是月球的49倍。4.用比较级时要避免与自身进行比较，若比较

20、的对象属于同一范围，要用以下句 型表示“比其他任何都” Oany other+单数名词all the other+复数名词anyone/anything elseLin Tao is taller than any other student in his class.林涛比他班上其他任何学生都 高。Lucy is taller than all the other girls in her class.露西比她班上所有其他的女孩都|WoJack studies harder than anyone else in his class.杰克比班上其他的学生学习都刻 苦。注意：以上句型实际上用比

21、较级形式表达了最高级的含义。如：Un Tao is taller than any other student in his class.( = Lin Tao is the tallest student in his class.)林涛比他班上其他任何学生都高。仁林涛是他班上最高的学生。)【考点训练3】l.The tea trade helped to spread the tea plant to (many) places around the world.2John speaks English as as Mike .They are both good at English. (

22、 )A.good B.wellC.better D.best3.一We should go to school by bus instead of by car.Yeah,cars we use,pollution there will be.( )A.fewer;less B.less;fewerC.the less;the fewerD.the fewer;the less4.Soccer is one of sports in the world. ( )A.more popular B.the more popularC.most popular D.the most popular5

23、.Qomolangma is than any other mountain.I hope to climb it one day.( )A.high B.higherC.highest D.the highest6.The box was than I had expected.I was out of breath when I got home.( )A.more heavier B.much heavierC.little heavier D.very heavier答案：more B D D B B【中考示例】(2017 广西)She closed the door in order

24、 not to make her grandpa awake.( )B.loudlyD.quietlyA.angrilyC.clearly【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了不吵醒爷爷，她轻轻地关上了门。A项意为“愤怒地；生气地”；B项意为“大声地” ；C项意为“清楚地”；D项意 为“轻声地”。由语境可知D项符合题意。【考题热身】1.(2017 云南)lt s noisy outside.I can? t hear you (clear).2.(2017 云南)All the people in the world wish to enjoy a beautiful and (peace) l

25、ife.3.(2017 甘肃)He was driving as (fast) as possible.4.(2017 长春)In the school hallways,the students are supposed to speak and act (quiet).5.(2017 .鄂州)Tom has invented a tree planting machine.一I think no one is (create) than him.He s a boy full of strange ideas.6.(2017 云南)There are sharing bikes in ma

26、ny cities.So there will be pollution.( )A.less and less;more and moreB.less and less;fewer and fewerC.more and more;less and less7.（2017 安徽）My deskmate is really.She likes to attend different activities afterschool.（ ）A.active B.quiet C.lazy D.honest8.（2017 苏州）Millie,now go to have a nice bath and a

27、n early night,so that you willbe for the journey tomorrow. （ ）A.safe B.patient C.fresh D.natural9.（2017 呼和浩特）The pizza looks.It is my favourite.（ ）A.lovely B.sweetlyC.softly D.healthily10.（2017 江西）Sleeping is a good thing,but some people sleep. （ ）A.easily B.badlyC.quickly D.well11.（2017 重庆 B 卷）Pete

28、r is boy in our class and he often helps us carry heavythings.（ ）A.strong B.strongerC.strongest D.the strongest12.（2017 上海）Nowadays people wish to have food than before as their lifeimproves.( )A.healthy B.healthierC.healthiest D.the healthiest13.(2017 .盐城)1 felt much after I told the problems to my close friend.( )A.good B.well C.better D.best14.(2017 宿迁)Daniel is his twin brother.They are both 1.75 metres tall. ( )A.taller than B.shorter thanC.as tall as D.so tall as15.(2017 德州)1 ve read through this book several times, but I will read