1、 内内容容简简介介:专专业业科科技技英英语语以以培培养养研研究究生生阅阅读读科科技技文文献献、用用英英语语撰撰写写科科技技论论文文为为目目的的。课课程程主主要要包包括括以以下下内内容容:科科技技英英语语的的翻翻译译(包包括括词词汇汇和和句句法法);科科技技英英语语论论文文写写作作(包包括括科科技技论论文文及及其其摘摘要要的的写写作作);数数、符符号、公式、图形的英文表达。号、公式、图形的英文表达。专业科技英语专业科技英语English for Specialized Science and Technology主要参考文献主要参考文献1.宋宋天天锡锡,任任英英.英英语语应应用用文文写写作作.北
2、北京京:中中国国书书籍籍出版社,出版社,200220022.秦秦荻荻辉辉.实实用用科科技技英英语语写写作作技技巧巧.上上海海:上上海海外外语教育出版社,语教育出版社,200120013.范范武武邱邱.实实用用科科技技英英语语翻翻译译讲讲评评.北北京京:外外文文出出版版社,社,200120014.童童丽丽萍萍、陈陈冶冶业业.数数、符符号号、公公式式、图图形形的的英英文文表达表达.南京:东南大学出版社,南京:东南大学出版社,200020005.魏魏汝汝尧尧,董董益益坤坤.致致用用科科技技英英语语.北北京京:国国防防工工业出版社,业出版社,20072007绪言绪言 科技英语的概念及其文体特征科技英语
3、的概念及其文体特征科技英语的概念科技英语的概念 科科技技英英语语(English for Science and Technology)主主要要是是指指科科学学家家、技技术术人人员员、工工程程师师等等交交换换其其专专业业意意见见、发发明明创创造造、信信息息、数数据据、实实验验报报告告或或实实验验过过程程等等而而使使用用的的语语言言。为为了了客客观观地地记记录录自自然然现现象象的的发发展展过过程程或或特特点点,科科学学家家、工工程程师师所所使使用用的的语语言言,即即科科技技英英语语在在文文体体上上应应该该精精确确、简简明明、严严谨谨;内内容容上上经经常常包包括括数数学学公公式式、图图表表;措措词
4、词上上常常使使用用典典型型的的句句式式及及大大量量的的专专业业或或半半专专业业术术语语,这这就就使使科科技技英英语语与与普普通通英英语语极极为为不同。不同。在在内内容容上上,科科技技英英语语又又可可以以分分成成专专业业科科技技英英语语(English for Specialized Science and Technology)和和通通俗俗科科技技英英语语(English for Common Science and Technology)。专专业业科科技技英英语语应应用用于于科科技技专专业业领领域域,使使用用者者一一般般是是各各专专业业领领域域的的科科技技人人员。员。所所以以,若若没没有有相
5、相关关的的专专业业知知识识,即即便便母母语语是是英英语语的的读读者者,也不一定能完全读懂专业科技英语。也不一定能完全读懂专业科技英语。科技英语的文体科技英语的文体 随随着着科科学学技技术术的的不不断断发发展展,科科技技英英语语已已形形成成一一种种独独立立的的英英语语文文体体,它它与与传传统统的的新新闻闻报报刊刊文文体体、公公文文文文体体、描描述述与与记记叙叙文文体体及及应应用用文文体体构构成成当当代代六六大大英英语语文文体体。了了解解科科技技英英语语的的文文体体特特点点有有助助于于提提高高我我们们对对科科技技文文章章的的理理解解,更更快快掌掌握握科科学技术发展信息。学技术发展信息。科科技技英英
6、语语具具有有普普通通英英语语的的共共性性,但但也也有有不不同同于于普普通通英英语语目的性表述的个性化和特殊性。目的性表述的个性化和特殊性。科科技技文文章章的的词词、句句、章章在在表表达达上上具具有有科科学学性性、规规范范性性和和简洁性。简洁性。科技英语的文体科技英语的文体 科科学学性性是是指指客客观观而而准准确确地地阐阐述述科科学学问问题题。规规范范性性是是指指科科技技文文章章的的表表达达方方式式是是程程式式化化的的,例例如如使使用用公公认认的的符符号号和和公公式式,选选用用不不会会引引起起歧歧义义的的术术语语和和源源于于拉拉丁丁语语和和法法语语的的词词汇汇,以以及及专专业业科科技技词词汇汇,
7、从从而而实实现现科科学学的的、规规范范的的阐阐述述。简简洁洁性性是是指指使用精炼的语言和准确朴实的语言表达。使用精炼的语言和准确朴实的语言表达。科技文体和日常文体在词汇和表达方式上的区别科技文体和日常文体在词汇和表达方式上的区别Natural and Synthetic Rubber日常英语日常英语 科技英语科技英语People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white,milky liquid,which is called latex.They mix it with acid,and dry it,and then they send
8、 it to countries all over the world.As the rubber industry grew,people needed more and more rubber.They started rubber plantations in countries with hot,wet weather conditions,but these still could not give enough raw rubber to meet the needs of growing industry.Natural rubber is obtained from rubbe
9、r trees as a white,milky liquid,milky liquid known as latex.This is treated with acid and dried before being dispatched to countries all over world.As the rubber industry developed,more and more rubber was required.Rubber plantations were established in countries with a hot,humid climate,but these s
10、till could not supply sufficient raw rubber to satisfy the requirements of developing industry.It was not satisfactory for industry to depend on supplies,which come from so far away from the industrial areas of Europe.It was always possible that wars or shopping trouble could stop supplies.It was un
11、satisfactory for industry to depend on supplies coming from so far away from the industrial areas of Europe.It was always possible that wars or shopping trouble could stop supplies.For many years people tried to make something to take its place,but they could not do it.In the end,they found a way of
12、 making artificial,man-made rubber which is in many ways better than and in some ways not as good as natural rubber.They make artificial,man-made rubber in factories by a complicated chemical process.It is usually cheaper than natural rubber.For many years,attempt were made to produce a substitute,b
13、ut they were unsuccessful.Finally,a method was discovered of producing synthetic rubber which is in many ways superior and in some ways inferior to natural rubber.Synthetic rubber is produced in factories by a complicated chemical process.It is usually cheaper than natural rubber.Today,the world nee
14、ds so much rubber that we use both natural and artificial rubber in large amounts.At present,the world requirements for rubber are so great that both natural and synthetic rubber are used in quantities.日常英语日常英语科技英语科技英语1.通俗化:常用词汇用得多通俗化:常用词汇用得多1.专业化:专业术语用得多专业化:专业术语用得多2.多义性:一词多义,使用范围多义性:一词多义,使用范围广广2.单义
15、性:词义相对单一,因单义性:词义相对单一,因专业而不同专业而不同3.人称化:人称丰富,形式多样人称化:人称丰富,形式多样3.物称化:多用物称,以示客物称化:多用物称,以示客观观4.多时性:描述生活,时态多样多时性:描述生活,时态多样4.现时性:叙述事实多用现在现时性:叙述事实多用现在时时5.主动性:句子倾向于主动态主动性:句子倾向于主动态5.被动态:句子倾向于被动态被动态:句子倾向于被动态6.简单性:单句、散句用得多简单性:单句、散句用得多6.复杂性:复杂单句用得多,复杂性:复杂单句用得多,复合句用得多复合句用得多7.口语化:口语用得多,随意灵口语化:口语用得多,随意灵活活7.书面化:长句用得
16、多,书卷书面化:长句用得多,书卷气浓气浓科技英语文体的变化科技英语文体的变化 科科技技英英语语的的文文体体风风格格随随着着时时代代的的前前进进而而不不断断发发展展变变化化。现现在在,在在英英美美一一些些科科技技工工作作者者的的倡倡导导下下,一一些些传传统统所所采采用用的的机机械械、笨笨拙拙、保保守守的的写写作作风风格格正正逐逐渐渐杯杯一一些些自自然然、简简洁洁、充充满生气的文法所代替。满生气的文法所代替。主动语态越来越成为主流主动语态越来越成为主流 一一般般说说来来,被被动动语语态态用用于于科科技技英英语语中中是是为为了了迎迎合合其其表表达达的的需需要要。科科技技文文章章注注重重客客观观叙叙述述,避避免免读读者者的的主主观观臆臆断断,并并且且可可以以将将新新信信息息放放在在句句首首以以突突出出其其重重要要性性,因因而而使使用用被被动动语语态,以免提及施事者。态,以免提及施事者。被动语态的缺点:被动语态的缺点:被被动动语语态态比比主主动动语语态态冗冗长长,容容易易造造成成句句子子结结构构头头重重脚脚轻影响读者的阅读效率。轻影响读者的阅读效率。并非所有被动语态句子都能起到突出新信息的作用。
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1