高考英语语法专题考点梳理与练习名词性从句.docx

1、高考英语语法专题考点梳理与练习名词性从句2019年高考英语语法专题考点梳理与练习-名词性从句一、考点梳理。1.根据语境考查不同连接词的辨析Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats_ the best jobs are.where在此引导表语从句，表示“的地方”。又如：This is where the river is the deepest.这是河流的最深处。This is where I first met her.这就是我初次与她会面的地方。2.考查what的用法(1)_matters most in learning English is e

2、nough practice. what在此引导主语从句，相当于the thing that。(2)_parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. what在此引导主语从句，相当于the thing that3.根据句法功能考查连接词的选用 Choosing the right dictionary depends on_you want to use it for. what用以引导宾语从句，用作介词on的宾语，其中的what在从句中用作介词for的宾语。4.考查whatever等的用法Could I speak t

3、o_is in charge of International Sales, please? whoever有两个主要用法：一是用于引导名词性从句，其意思相当于the person who;二是用于引导状语从句，其意思相当于no matter who。句中的whoever引导宾语从句，用作介词to的宾语， 5.在复杂结构中考查名词性从句的使用 Having checked the doors were closed, and_all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. that在此用于引导宾语从句，用作动词c

4、heck的宾语。这是一个比较复杂的句子，句中的现在分词having checked带有两个宾语从句(that) the doors were closed和that all the lights were off，只是前面一个宾语从句省略了引导词that。6.考查同位语从句的运用 A warm thought suddenly came to me_I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. that在此引导同位语从句，修饰A warm thought。此题的难点是A warm though

5、t与其同位语从句被分离开了。二、要点点拨名词性从句必记考点一、that从句1that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：(1)It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good,wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.(2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder，an hon

6、our，a good thing，a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。 Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.不要惊奇，我们队本来就应赢得比赛。(3)It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till nextMonday.根据决定这个会议已经被推迟到下周一。注

7、意：在口语和非正式文体中that常可省略。在非常短的句子中，that总是不必要的。Its a pity (that) youre leaving.你要走，真遗憾。但that从句位于句首时，连接词that是绝对不能省略的。That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.我们被邀请去参加今夜的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。(4)以下情况用虚拟语气：，It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted（坚持要，一定要）that sb. (should

8、) do sth.It is necessary/important/strange/natural that sb. (should) do sth. 2作动词的宾语 (1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, make等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语，此时that不可省略。注意：一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。(2)that从句一般不能

9、充当介词的宾语，偶尔可作except，in，but的宾语。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上。其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。 You may depend on it that I shall always help you.我会一直帮助你，你要相信这一点。3作形容词的宾语某些形容词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid,

10、 surprised, satisfied等，连接词that可省略。Im afraid you dont understand what I said just now.我担心你没有明白我刚才说了什么。4作表语 (1)连接词that不可省略。 (2)主句的主语是reason，则表语从句只能用that引导。 (3)主句的主语是advice，suggestion，order，proposal等时，表语从句应用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。5作同位语 The news that the plane will take off on time makes everyone happ

11、y.飞机将按时起飞的消息使每个人都很高兴。特别注意：that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后。如 ：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news,problem，possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。 关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，但另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语或宾语。若作宾语，还可以省略。但是，引导同位语从句的th

12、at一般不能省略。 The news that our football team won the match was really encouraging（同位语从句） 我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。 The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.（定语从句）我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。【例】The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. tha

13、t D. though【答案】C 【例】News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句的用法。在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。二、wh-疑问从句1作主语，常用it作形式主语 It has not been decided yet who will preside at

14、the meeting.由谁来主持会议还没有确定。主语从句如果是用what，whatever，whoever等引导的，表示一个具体的东西或人，这种主语从句不能用it来替换。What he found interested me greatly. 他的发现使我很感兴趣。Whoever has finished may rest 谁完工了就可以休息。【例】 A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for BeijingAhow BwhomCwhen Dwhich【答案】C【解析】本

15、题对学生来说较难,不容易看的懂.本句意为”就在我准备去北京前,我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了.” 2作直接宾语特别注意：wh-疑问从句还可作介词的宾语，但if从句不能作介词的宾语。It all depends (on) how we solve the problem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。 3作表语【例】The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother.

16、 A. where B. what C. how D. who 【答案】A 4作某些形容词的宾语 You must be careful what you do.你必须小心你所做的事情。 5作同位语 The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.关于为什么这么多的人们将选择住在乡下而在城市工作的这个问题还在讨论中。 三、名词性关系从句可主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语 名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其

17、后的定语从句的结合。 what= the thing(s) that/which whoever= anyone who whichever= anyone/anything that whatever=anything that where=the place where when= the time when注意：连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问，但what，when，where等连接词有两种含义，一种表示疑问（即：什么，何时，何地），另一种表示陈述(即the thing that，the time when，the place where)。【例】The how to book can b

18、e of help to wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D。注意：名词性关系从句还可作介词的宾语。 四、whether和if在名词性从句中的区别。 下列情况只用whether不用if： 1引导主语从句且置于句首时。 2引导表语从句时。 3引导同位语从句时。 4引导宾语从句且前置时。 5作动词discuss和介词的宾语时。 6其后紧跟or not时。 7其后跟不定式时。五、“

19、疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的应用。 1whatever，whoever等既可以引导名词性从句，又可引导状语从句。引导名词性从句时，其主句缺主、宾、表、定语等，相当于anything that，anyone who等；当引导状语从句时，其主句不缺任何成分，并且主句和从句通常用逗号隔开，相当于no matter what, no matter who等。 “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，能和“疑问词+ever”结构互换。但不能引导名词性从句，no matter不能单独使用。 2what，who等与whatever，whoever等的区别在于：what

20、， who等是指具体的东西或人；用whateverwhoever等是表示任何一个事物或人，无范围可言，语气比前者强烈得多。【例】She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever【答案】C三、误区警示、典型陷阱题分析 1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant. A. that B.

21、 what C. that that D. what what【陷阱】可能误选B.许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B. 2. After _ had happened he could not continue to work there. A. which B. how C. what D. having 【陷阱】可能误选A. 【分析】最佳答案选 C.有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个

22、定语从句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主语，所以B和D也不能选。 3.“Is _ you want to say？” asked the teacher. A. this B. that C. all that D. that all 【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B. 【分析】最佳答案选 D.假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say？ 其中的that 为句子主语，

23、all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all. 4. “When _ leave for Japan？” “When _ leave for Japan is kept secret.” A. they will, will they B. will they, they will C. they will, they will D. will they, will they 【陷阱】可能误选D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。 【分析】最佳答案选 B.第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。

24、5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为D.首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。比较以下两句Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。 Someone is at the door

25、. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。 第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。 【即时巩固】1.【2017北京】23. Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【答案】B考点：考查连词。【名师点睛】主语从句 Subjec

26、t Clauses (在主语的位置上)1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us thatWhether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference. It is known to us that he is a famous singer. It is not yet fixed when he will go to America

27、.本题中，whatever引导主语从句，同时作do的宾语。2. wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别 区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思；wh-ever有肯定强调的意思*Who will be invited hasnt been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like. wh

28、-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替换Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he2.【2017北京】26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. why B. where C. how D. when【答案】B试题分析：A. why 为什么 B. where 在哪 C. how 如何 D. when什么时候。句意：Jane漫无

29、目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。考点：考查连词。3.【2017江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C【名师点睛】这里容易误判为定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构，需要注意的是，half of后面的价格是以前的价格。如果是定语从句，那么half of后面的价格则是$20的一半，即$10，再

30、结合“down to”可知，原来的价格高于$20，因此不是定语从句。介词of后跟宾语，因此这里是宾语从句，通过分析句子成分可知，宾语从句缺少宾语，因此用what引导。 宾语从句1. 动词后的宾语从句1) that引导的宾语从句后常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice9 0rder, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish 等2) wh-，if引导的宾语从句 后常接wh-，if引导的宾语从句的动词有advise，ask，discuss，doubt，find out，imagine，inform,1nquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder，出scover等。3)“动词十间接宾语+宾语从句” 常使用此类结