高三定语从句.docx

1、高三定语从句高三定语从句定语能够由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也能够由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词指人的先行词指物的先行词先行词还能够是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词：引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用替代前面的先行词（替代作用）连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）(2)关系词的分类标准：根据关系词在从句中做

2、的句子成分种类关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3. 定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。He is a teacher（ ）works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing,（ ）is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较：1. He ha

3、s two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)2. He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that)I loved before. (能够省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that)he used

4、to be. (能够省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时能够省略Housing price is a problem(that/which) people are interested in.比较：Housing price is a problemin whichpeople are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the manthatis shouting there?关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girlthatshe

5、 used to be.先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very personthatwe are looking for.(2)用who的情况先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Thosewhowant to go to the cinemawill have towait at the gate of the school.句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boythatwon the gold medal?在there be 结构中Th

6、ere are many young menwhoare against him.在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,whois my best friend,has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game,whichdepressed her greatly.关系词置于介词之后，作宾语The penwith whichyou writeis Jacks.先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you th

7、e novelthatI borrowed from the librarywhichis newly open to us.(2)用that的情况先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did allthatshe couldto help us.先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very bookthatI want.先

8、行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people andhe placesthatimpressed her most.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best bookthatI have ever read.This is the first filmthatIve seensince I came here.定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factorywhichproduced thingsthathad never been seen

9、before.4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既能够引导限制性定语从句也能够用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中：Such/so. as. 像.一样 the same . as 和.同样的A computer issouseful a machineaswe can use everyday.He is notthe samemanashe was.(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。 能够放在句首，句中或句末。As I remember, there were a net bar here.Taiwan is an inseparable part

10、 of China, as is known to all.as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样the same as.和the same that.引导定语从句的区别This isthe samebikethatI lost yesterday.(同一事物)This isthe samebikeasI lost yesterday. （同类事物5.关系副词的使用(1)When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等I still remember the daywhenI first came to Beijing. (when=on whic

11、h)(2)Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等Can you tell me the officewherehe works?(where = in which)(3)Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.I dont want to listen to any reasonwhyyou were absent.(why = for which) 关系副词 = 相对应的介词 + 关系代词 Where引导的定语从句还能够修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（

12、地步）等What are the situationswherebody languageis the only form of communication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where = in which)6.几个特殊的先行词(1)way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填The wayin which / that / 不填he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.比较：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simp

13、le.way在定语中作tell的宾语(2)先行词timetime表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句This is the first timethatthe president has visited the country.time作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词whenThis was the timewhenthere were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets此时when = during which 在.期间(3)先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for whichThis is the

14、 reasonwhy/for whichhe can not come here.比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语7.介词+关系代词该结构的关系代词只有两种即 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人）该结构介词的选用原则：(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配This is the bookon whichI spent $ 8.This is the bookfor whichI paid

15、$ 8.(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯I remember the daysduring whichI lived there.I remember the dayon whichI graduated from university.(3)根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The colorless gaswithout whichwe cant live is called oxygen.注意：如果介词后移，关系代词能够省略The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after寻找照

16、顾; take care of; send for派人去请; hear from收到某人来信, hear of/about听说 , deal with处理对付, care for喜欢关心 , get through通过 接通电话, see to 照管料理等This is the baby that you will look after.8.定语从句的主谓一致(1)当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildingsthatdraw lots of visitorevery

17、year.(2)当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earththatis seen from themoon.(3)先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changes have taken place in China,asis known to all.He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us.9.定语从句的转化定语从句能够转换为 ing或-ed形式

18、The girl(who is) dancing nowjust returned from Taiwan.I love the stories(which were) written by Hemingway.The man(who stands) standing thereis my friend.10.定语从句的解题方法(1)判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句）(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而准确选定使用关系代词或关系副词注意：关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人： whose = the + 名词 + o

19、f whom 当先行词是物：whose = the + 名词 + of whichDo you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?Id like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.That引导定语从句，名词性从句 和 强调句型的区别:定语从句中的that: 关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。名词性从句中的that：从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。强调句中的that, 使用于it is/wastha

20、t.结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。比较：This is the book that I am looking for. (that 引导定语从句)It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years. (that和前面的it is构成强调句型)The fact that he stole the moneysurprised all of us.(that 引导名词性从句-同位语从句)That he will come to the conferencehas excited all of us.(t

21、hat引导名词性从句-主语从句)We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger.(that引导名词性从句-宾语从句)The reason for your failure isthat you lack confidence in yourself.(that 引导名词性从句-表语从句)学案答案：1. whom whom whom which2. who who who 3. whose whose 人或物 在句子中充当定语成分4. that that that 5. that that that that

22、6. that that7. whom which8. when when 9. as as10. As as 11. Where whichthat 成分12. When whichthat 成分13. In which that 什么也不填 that thatin which 什么也不填14. whom them 并列句15. where where when 16. Is impress 先行词对点通关，回归高考1. whichthat 2. as 3.whom 4. whose . 5. when 6.where 7. where 8.when 9.them 10.them 11.wh

23、ich 改whom 定语从句在写作中的使用1. Those who have a good academic performance are not only able to organize their time but also be good at keeping a study journal .2. Since money is so important , we usually consider those who have money to be very important .3. I fall in deep love with my school ,where kind teacher,friendly students and diverse wildlife can be seen .