颈浅层颈前区的解剖.ppt

1、Unit 13Superficial dissection of neck and anterior region of neck 颈浅层和颈前区的解剖（一）颈浅层和颈前区的解剖（一）1、颈前外侧区（固有颈部）、颈前外侧区（固有颈部）Regions of neck(颈部分区颈部分区)2、颈后区（项部）、颈后区（项部）颈前区颈前区舌骨上区舌骨上区舌骨下区舌骨下区下颌下三角下颌下三角颏下三角颏下三角颈动脉三角颈动脉三角肌三角肌三角胸锁乳突肌区胸锁乳突肌区颈外侧区颈外侧区枕三角枕三角锁骨上三角锁骨上三角(锁骨上大窝锁骨上大窝)一、一、Regions of neckAnterior region of

2、 neckSternocleidomastoid regionLateral region of neckSternocleidomastoid （胸锁乳突肌（胸锁乳突肌）Omohyoid（肩胛舌骨肌）（肩胛舌骨肌）Digastric（二腹肌）（二腹肌）Submandibular triangleSubmental triangle Carotid triangle muscular triangle Submental triangle Greater supraclavicular fossalesser supraclavicular fossa二、二、Superficial struc

3、ture(浅层浅层 结构）结构）1 1、Skin（皮肤）（皮肤）2 2、Superficial fascia （浅筋膜）（浅筋膜）（1）platysma（颈阔肌）Anterior jugular V颈前静脉颈前静脉External jugular V颈外静脉颈外静脉（2）superficial V（3）cutaneous NLesser occipital N（枕小神经）（枕小神经）Greater auricular N（耳大神经）（耳大神经）Transverse N of neck（颈横神经）（颈横神经）Supraclavicular N（锁骨上神经）（锁骨上神经）（皮神经）（皮神经）主要为

4、颈丛皮支主要为颈丛皮支 superficial layersuperficial layer浅层浅层(investing fascia(investing fascia封套筋膜封套筋膜)包裹包裹两肌：胸锁乳突肌，斜方肌两肌：胸锁乳突肌，斜方肌 两腺：下颌下腺、腮腺两腺：下颌下腺、腮腺三三、Deep fascia（深筋膜）（深筋膜）precheal layer气管前层气管前层(pretracheal fascia气管前筋膜气管前筋膜)prevertebral layer 椎前层椎前层（prevertebral fascia椎前筋膜椎前筋膜)carotid sheath颈动脉鞘颈动脉鞘Deep f

5、ascia（深筋膜）（深筋膜）Investing fascia封套筋膜封套筋膜Pretracheal fascia(气管前筋膜气管前筋膜)Prevetebral fascia椎前筋膜椎前筋膜Carotid sheath颈动脉鞘颈动脉鞘四、四、muscle（肌肉）（肌肉）（一）sternocleidomastoid（胸锁乳突肌）：（胸锁乳突肌）：副神经副神经（二）suprahyoid muscles（舌骨上肌群）（舌骨上肌群）Digastic二腹肌二腹肌 Stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌茎突舌骨肌 Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌下颌舌骨肌(2)舌骨上肌群Geniohyoid颏舌骨肌颏舌骨肌 Dig

6、astic二腹肌二腹肌Stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌茎突舌骨肌 Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌下颌舌骨肌 Lies below the chin and is bounded laterally by anterior bellies of digastric,and inferiorly by the body of hyoid bone Covered by skin,superficial fascia and investing fascia Floormylohyoid muscles Contentssubmental lymph nodes颈前区颈前区 1.1.Submental

7、 triangle颏颏下三角下三角2.Submandibular triangle下颌下三角下颌下三角 Bounded by anterior and posterior bellies of digastric and lower border of the body of the mandible Contentssubmandibular gland,facial a.,v.,hypoglossal n.,lingual n and v.,submandibular ganglion and submandibular lymph nodes lingual n舌神经舌神经submand

8、ibular ganglion下颌下下颌下神经节神经节hypoglossal n舌下神经舌下神经submandibular gland下颌下腺下颌下腺,facial v面静脉面静脉,facial a.面动脉面动脉3.Carotid triangle and sternocleidomastoid region颈动脉三角和胸锁乳突肌区颈动脉三角和胸锁乳突肌区（1）ansa cervicalis 颈袢颈袢（2）carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘颈动脉鞘（3）hypoglossal n 舌下神经舌下神经（5）cervical part of sympathetic trunk 颈交感干颈交感干（

9、4）accessory n 副神经副神经ansa cervicalis颈袢颈袢carotid sheath Common carotid A （颈总动脉）颈总动脉）On the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage,it divides into the internal and the external carotid arteriesThe carotid sinus (颈动脉窦颈动脉窦)：在位于颈总动脉末端 和颈内动脉起始处，为压力感受器。The carotid body(颈动脉小球颈动脉小球)：位于颈总动脉 分叉处的

10、后方，为化学感受器。External artery(颈外动脉颈外动脉)On the level of the neck of the mandible,It divides into two terminal branches:the maxillary A(上颌动脉上颌动脉)and superficial temporal A(颞浅动脉颞浅动脉)。在颈部的分支有：The superior thyroid A (甲状腺上动脉甲状腺上动脉)The lingual A (舌动脉舌动脉)The facial A (面动脉面动脉)The occipital A (枕动脉枕动脉)The posterio

11、r auricular A (耳后动脉耳后动脉)The ascending pharyngeal A (咽升动脉咽升动脉)。Internal jugular V(颈内静脉颈内静脉)在颈部的主要属支有：The facial V(面静脉面静脉)The lingual V(舌静脉舌静脉)The superior thyroid V(甲状腺上静脉甲状腺上静脉)The middle thyroid V(甲状腺中静脉甲状腺中静脉)The internal carotid A(颈内动脉颈内动脉)no branch in the neckVagus N(迷走神经迷走神经)在颈部的分支：superior laryngeal N喉上神经喉上神经 cervical cardiac branch颈心支颈心支 auricular branch耳支耳支 pharyngeal branch咽支咽支 meningeal branch脑膜支脑膜支 The deep lateral cervical lymph nodes(颈外侧深淋巴结颈外侧深淋巴结)沿颈内静脉排列，包括颈外侧上深淋巴结,颈外侧下深淋巴结。The hypoglossal N(舌下神经舌下神经)