广东中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练.docx

1、广东中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练广东中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练“完形填空”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点： 1在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占1015，长度一般在130200个单词左右。 2降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。 3针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。 “完形填空”有多种形式，但它在基本设计原则上都

2、是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；也可以给出单词首字母完形填空，或者给出字母及单词长度（由几个字母组成）；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。 “抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。 “完形填空”要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出

3、适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。 完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。 “完形填空”旨在测试考生的综合应用语言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。 完形填空通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文，留出若干个空，然后采用四选一的方法，将短文补充完整。它属于客观题型。如今的完形填空题除保留传统题型

4、的优点外，还采用了选词填空(有多余选项)或根据上下文补全对话(或短文)等主观题型。但事实证明，完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。限于篇幅，本文着重谈谈客观题型的解法。请看-一、 目标要求完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。二、 解题步骤在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：1. 通览全文，了解大意答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好

5、完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，链条从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于只见树木不见森林而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。2. 综合考虑，先易后难通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最

6、佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。3. 复读检验，消除疏漏完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。三、 实例点拨请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个

7、选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not_3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their _4_. Many people

8、learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_English. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to _9_ in the USA, England or Australia

9、. English is very_10_in our life (生活).1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice4. A. books B. classesC. schools D. subjects (科目)5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased6. A. for B. of C. to D. from7. A. in B. with C. a

10、t D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read9. A. go B. work C. like D. come10. A. help B. helpingC. helps D. helpful 答题分三步：第一步： 通览全文通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。第二步： 逐项填空本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。1. 选B。some.other(s).意思是一些另一些(泛指)； some.the other(s).意思是一些另一些(特指)。由语境可知，在学

11、英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。5. 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。8. 选D。读报英语习惯说readnewspapers。9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或

12、想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。10. 选D。末句点题，英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)。第三步： 复读检验将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！Have a greater success in the future！（1） Alice had an argument with her best friend, Judy last Thursday. She t

13、hought 41 was really difficult and wanted to copy Judys homework. But she refused. They didnt talk to each other for a few days. Alice didnt know 42 to face her maths problem and she wondered if she could get on well with her friend again.Yesterday afternoon, she saw a cool boy 43 the violin happily

14、 by the road when she was walking home from school. The violin music sounded so nice that she couldnt help stopping to listen to him. 44 Alice didnt know what music he was playing, it made her feel better. After he finished the music, Alice walked over to him and said, “Thank you 45 your beautiful m

15、usic. It gets me out of the really bad mood(心情).” Then she took out some 46 and gave it to him. To her surprise, the boy asked her to take the money back. He explained that he wasnt making money by playing the violin. He just wanted to 47 others. He hoped that the wonderful music could make people r

16、elaxed and happy. Thats why he played it by the road. What a 48 boy he was! Then Alice told him about her trouble.He said, “You should learn to smile even if you are in difficulty. Listening to music is helpful. So why not listen to music as 49 as possible? Never lose heart! Believe in your friend!

17、She has her reason. Believe in 50 ! Everything will go well!Hearing these words, Alice went home with a smile. She believed she could make it.( ) 41. A. Chinese B. maths C. science D. physics( ) 42. A. why B. how C. when D. where( ) 43. A. carrying B. selling C. buying D. playing( ) 44. A. Because B

18、. When C. Though D. Whether( ) 45. A. for B. with C. from D. except( ) 46. A. music B. money C. food D. work( ) 47. A. have B. leave C. give D. help( ) 48. A. tall B. rich C. kind D. safe( ) 49. A. often B. quickly C. soon D. loudly( ) 50. A. myself B. herself C. yourself D. himself （2）These days, s

19、ome middle schools in China are trying to do something different.The students choose classes according to their own needs. For each subject, they can make a choice from different levels (等级) of difficulty. So instead of staying in the 41 classroom, they go to different rooms to have their lessons. A

20、nd the teachers make special teaching plans for 42 .There are different opinions about it.Xia Rui, a 13-year-old girl, said, “ I really love it. I think its nice that we can 43 classes by ourselves. My English is poor. I used to be afraid to answer questions in class. I think that the good students

21、may 44 me when I make mistakes. Now I feel much more relaxed.”But her classmate Chen Gang didnt agree. “ I dont think it is so good 45 it is difficult for students to find where the classrooms are,” he said. “During the break, students can be seen here and there, running and shouting to find their 4

22、6 .”“Im worried that some students may think they are in the lower class 47 lose interested in the subject,” their math teacher, Mr. Wang said. “I also 48 that some parents may feel unhappy if their kids study a subject at an easy level.”“In my eyes, it is good 49 both students and teachers, Mr. Wan

23、g also said. “As teachers, we can make teaching plans more 50 and the students will develop better.”41. A. clean B. same C. bright D. empty42. A. us B. him C. them D. you43. A. play B. teach C. choose D. work44. A. laugh at B. listen to C. look after D. wait for45. A. whether B. because C. when D. b

24、efore46. A. parents B. friends C. books D. classrooms47. A. and B. but C. till D. or48. A. hope B. report C. cry D. worry49. A. for B. at C. on D. with50. A. slowly B. easily C. quietly D. brightly （3）The population problem may be the 1one of the world today The worlds population is growing 2 Two th

25、ousand years ago, there were only 250 million people 3 the earth Four hundred years ago, the number was 4 500 million But at the beginning of the 5century, the worlds population was about 1,700 millionIn 1970, this number was 3,600 million In 1990, the number was five billion A 6 report says that th

26、e world population will 7 six billion by the end of the 20th century This is just ten 8 after it 9five billion People say that by the year 2010, 10 may be seven billion 1 Agreat Bgreater Cgreatest Dgreating2 Afaster and faster Bfast and fast Cfastest and fastest Dfaster and fast3Ain Bon Cat Dfor4Ane

27、arly Bmore Calmost Dover5Atwenty Btwelve Ctwentieth Dtwelfth6AUSA BUN CPRC DPLA7Apast Bpass Cpassed Dpasses8Aweeks Bmonths Cseasons Dyears9Aget Bgets Creached Dreach10Athis Bits Cone Dit（4）Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful (有害的). Fire can keep your house _1_, give li

28、ght and cook food. But fire can burn things _2_. Big fire can burn, trees, houses, animals or people. Nobody knows how people began to use fire. But there are _3_. interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire. One is _4_ a man. The man _5_ a very long time ago. He went up the sun

29、and _6_ fire down. Today people know how to make a fire with matches(火柴). Children sometimes _7_ to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper. and _8_ it could burn a house. A small fire can turn a big fire. very quickly. So you _9_ be careful with matches. Be careful with fire, and it will _10_ you. But if you arent careful with fire. and it may hurt you. 1. A. warm B. warmer C. cool D. cooler 2. A. also B. too C. either D. neither 3. A. many B. much C. little D. no 4. A. over B. about C. a little D.