英语四六级考试译文笔记第16篇.docx

1、英语四六级考试译文笔记 第16篇英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）1.那些支持学校把学生的能力作为录取依据的人们认为：如果学校录取过程成为一个“能力择优”的过程，这样可以引入一些竞争因素，从而激励一些学生更加努力。他们还指出一个事实：如果尖子生与落后生混合在一起，授课就很难步调一致。最有才华的学生会觉得课程太容易，而垫底的学生却很吃力。Those who support schools admitting studentson the basis of（1.以为依据）their ability believe making the school selection process ame

2、ritocracy（2.能力择优） introducesan element of（3.一些）competition which motivates some students to try harder. They also point to the fact that if the top students are mixed with the weakest students, it makes teaching at the correct pace very difficult. The most gifted students will find classes too easy

3、while the bottom students willstruggle（4.吃力）.1- on the basis of词典释义：basis2.N-SING 单数名词（行事的）理由，根据If you say that you are actingonthebasis ofsomething, you are giving that as the reason for your action.【搭配模式】：on NMcGregor must remain confined, on thebasisof the medical reports we have received.根据我们收到的

4、病历报告，麦格雷戈的行动仍然必须受到限制。On thebasis that recognising the problem is halfway to a solution, Mulcahys comments yesterday should be well received.鉴于认识到问题的存在就相当于把它解决了一半，马尔卡希昨天的那番话应该会受到欢迎。外刊例句：But it is an important failing given that the Fed sets monetary policy, and the IMF gives countries advice,on the b

5、asis oftheir forecasts.（）但鉴于美联储设立了货币规则，而国际货币基金组织根据自己的预测给众多国家建议，这肯定算是次严重失败。替换表达：according to / based on学生错误表达：（1） consider / take / regard . as a basis点评：搭配不当，不存在consider/take/regard something as a basis的表达。（2） take . as admission basis点评：搭配不当，admission不可以与basis搭配，这里应该改为admit students on the basis of

6、2- meritocracy范例中给出的句子中，making the school selection process a meritocracy作introduces的主语，其中make为动词，the school selection process是宾语，a meritocracy为宾补。词典释义：meritocracy UKmer.tk.r.siUS-t:.kr-nouncountableoruncountablea social system or society in which people have power because of their abilities, not be

7、cause of their money or social position精英领导体制；精英管理的社会The prime minister claims he wants to create a classlessmeritocracy in Britain.首相称他想在英国建立一个无阶级的精英治国社会。外刊例句：Ameritocracy sounds positively utopian. After all, what could be fairer than a society in which status is defined by achievement rather than

8、 hand-me-downs? But the reality is more complex.（）精英社会听起来像是个积极的乌托邦式幻想。毕竟，还有什么社会形式比由成就而不是血统来决定社会地位的社会形式更公平了呢？然而，现实社会要复杂得多。3-an element of词典释义：an element of sthADVANCEDa small amount of an emotion or quality少量；有点，有些There was certainly anelementof truth in what she said.她说的话当然也有些是真的。Dont you think ther

9、es anelementof jealousy in all of this?你不觉得所有这一切都是妒嫉在隐隐作祟?We walked quietly up to the door to preserve theelement of surprise.我们轻手轻脚地走近门口，想制造一个惊喜。外刊例句：Most elections havean element ofuncertainty about them. Not Russias. This weekend, barring a miracle, Dmitry Medvedev, Vladimir Putins handpicked suc

10、cessor, will win the Russian presidency by a landslide. （）大多数选举都会有不确定因素，但俄罗斯的选举却截然不同。普京束手束脚的继承人梅德韦杰夫在本周将杜绝一切奇迹发生，以压倒性的优势胜选。替换表达：a small amount of4- strugglestruggle和我们中文所说的“奋斗、拼搏”不同，它在英文中含有比较负面的意味，通常指在艰苦困难中的“挣扎”。词典释义：strugglestrg.lverbEFFORT努力ESSENTIALintransitiveto experience difficulty and make a

11、very great effort in order to do something奋斗，努力，拼搏+toinfinitive The dog had beenstrugglingtoget free of the wire noose.那只狗一直拼命想挣脱金属套索。Ive beenstrugglingtounderstand this article all afternoon.我琢磨了整整一个下午，想弄懂这篇文章的意思。Fishstruggleforsurvival when the water level drops in the lake.湖水水位下降时，鱼会拼命挣扎求生。strugg

12、le along/through/out, etc.to move somewhere with great effort沿艰难行进奋力通过艰难地从中挣扎出来等Hestruggledalong the rough road holding his son.他抱着儿子在崎岖不平的路上艰难行进。By this time hed managed tostruggleout of bed.此时他已经挣扎着下了床。intransitiveinformalto be in danger of failing or being defeated有失败的危险，苦苦挣扎After the first half,

13、 United were reallystruggling at 1-3 down.上半场过后，联队1比3落后，形势危急。外刊例句：One in four low-income householdsstrugglesto eat regularly or healthily because of a lack of money, according to the first substantial survey into the scale of food insecurity in the UK.（）据英国首次大规模居民食品保障调查显示，四分之一的低收入家庭因为缺乏钱财，难以就餐准时或吃得健

14、康。替换表达：find it difficult to catch up学生错误表达：（1） feel difficult点评：中式表达，没有feel difficult的说法，一般是find it difficult to do something（2） think it hard 点评：搭配不当，think it hard的常见搭配是think it hard to do something，think it hard不能单独使用。Q：an element of一些，和some一些有什么区别呢？如何分辨其中的区别？A：an element of后面一般接抽象内容，比如competition

15、/truth等，some后面一般接具体内容，比如some students / schools 等。Q：指出事实，是不是应该使用point out? 词典中 point to 的意思是指向，朝向，向某人指出。A：point to the fact that是一个常见说法，例如朗文词典例句：Other expertspoint to the fact thateven specialists are losing jobs.Those who support schools admitting students on the basis of their ability believe maki

16、ng the school selection process a meritocracy introduces an element of competition which motivates some students to try harder.分析本句是一个主谓宾结构，其主干为Those believe (that)，其中，主语部分为Those who support schools admitting students on the basis of their ability，这里who引导的定语从句修饰Those，在这个定语从句中，who为关系代词，作主语，指代those，谓语

17、为support，宾语为schools admitting students on the basis of their ability，这是一个含有逻辑主语的现在分词短语。believe之后是一个省略了that的名词性从句，作believe的宾语。在这个宾语从句中，making the school selection process a meritocracy是主语，其中，the school selection process是making的宾语，a meritocracy是宾语的补足语，introduces是宾语从句中的谓语，an element of competition whic

18、h motivates some students to try harder是宾语从句中的宾语，其中又包含了一个which 引导的定语从句，修饰competition。2.在学生完全成熟之前就把他们分隔到不同学校是很不公平的。孩子们通常都没意识到努力学习的重要性，而且很多人处于一个困难的家庭环境中，在这种环境里面，努力学习是不被鼓励的。有些孩子在还没明白过来的情况下就发现自己已经不可避免地踏上了通往平庸的道路。Segregating students into different schools（1.将学生分隔到不同学校）before they are fully mature is ver

19、y unfair. Children are often unaware of the importance of studying hard and many havea difficult home environment（2.困难的家庭环境）where study is not encouraged. Some children could find themselvesirreversibly（3.不可避免地）on the road to mediocrity（4.处于通往平庸的道路）before they even know it.1-segregate students into

20、different schools词典释义：segregate1.VERB动词使隔离;使分开;使分离 Tosegregatetwo groups of people or things means to keep them physically apart from each other.【语法信息】：V n【语法信息】：V n prepPolice segregated the two rival camps of protesters.警察把两个敌对阵营的抗议人群隔离开来。They segregateyou from the rest of the community.他们把你与社团的其他

21、成员隔离开。外刊例句：Any new grammar schools will simply provide another mechanism alongside private schooling to furthersegregatestudents depending on how much money their parents have.（）新的文法学校将仅仅是提供了另外一种与私人学校无异的机制，进一步按学生父母的财富来区分学生。替换表达：separate somebody into学生错误表达：（1） distribute students into different scho

22、ols点评：用词不当。Distribute一般指金钱和物资等的分配、分发，例如：Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the refugees.数以千计的士兵正在给难民们分发食物和毯子。不可以用在指将学生分到不同的学校。（2） divide students into different schools点评：表达不准确。divide students into different schools含义是“将学生分隔为不同的学校”，这里应该改为segregate students into diff

23、erent schools（将学生分隔到不同的学校）。2-a difficult home environmenthome environment是一个常用表达，含义是“家庭环境”。the home/domestic/family environment A lot of children suffer because of problems in their home environment.外刊例句：Whether they have ADHD or not, the bottom line is that your son and daughter-in-law need to find

24、 strategies to cope with their own stress and their sons condition, by creating a stablehome environment and enforcing set rules. （）无论你的孙子有没有多动症，最重要的是，你的儿子和媳妇得找到方法去应对自己的压力和他们儿子的病情，比如创造一个稳定的家庭环境和履行好制定的规则。替换表达：come from a deprived background / have a difficult family environment3-irreversibly词典释义：irre

25、versibleUKr.v:.s.blUS-v:-adjective not possible to change; impossible to return to a previous condition不可改变的，不可逆转的Smoking has causedirreversibledamage to his lungs.吸烟已经对他的肺部造成了永久的损害。外刊例句：The EU is irreversibly committed to privatisation, welfare cuts, low wages and the erosion of trade union rights.

26、（）欧盟正不可避免地坚定进行私有化、福利削减、降低工资以及侵蚀工会的权利。替换表达：unavoidably4-on the road to mediocrity词典释义：be on the road to sthinformal to be likely to achieve something即将取得；在的过程中The doctors say shes on theroadto recovery.医生说她正在恢复。mediocrityUKmi:.dik.r.tiUS-:.kr.tinouncountableoruncountablethe quality of being not very

27、good; a person who is not very good at something平庸；平庸之材A goal just before half-time rescued the match frommediocrity.在半场快要结束时的一个进球使这场比赛没有流于平庸。These people are justmediocrities(= people who do not have much skill or ability at anything).这些人只是平庸之辈。外刊例句：Despite recent riots, Tunisians are stillon the r

28、oad todemocracy.（）突尼斯人尽管最近经历了叛乱，但他们正走在通往民主的道路上。学生错误表达：（1） the way to be common / ordinary点评：用词不准确，common/ordinary是指人“普通，平常”，是中性词，与“平庸”（带有贬义）有所区别。（2） the road to normal/common点评：搭配错误，the road to后面应该接名词，不能接形容词。Q：我认为第一点，将学生分隔到不同学校Segregating students into different schools，用“divide”是不是更好一点。A：不能用divide，

29、divide students into different schools含义是“将学生分隔为不同的学校”，这里应该改为segregate students into different schools（将学生分隔到不同的学校）。3.网络课程一直被指责肤浅，和正规大学体验相比只是劣质的替代品。批评者指出盯着电脑屏幕根本不能和丰富的校园生活和活跃的课堂辩论相提并论。此外，有人指出这些课程的辍学率非常之高，在很多例子中高于90%。Online courses have beencondemned as（1.被指责）shallow anda poor substitute for（2.劣质的替代品）aproper（3.正规的）university experience, with critics pointing out that staring at a computer screen can hardly compare to vibrant campus life or lively lecture hall debates. It has also been noted thatthe drop-out rate（4.辍学率） on these courses is extremely