英语新同步译林选修九江苏专用讲义Unit 3 Section Ⅳ GrammarWriting.docx

1、英语新同步译林选修九江苏专用讲义Unit 3 Section Grammar WritingSection_Grammar_&_Writing状语从句一、定义状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)指用作状语，起副词作用的句子。根据其作用可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等。状语从句一般由从属连词引导，也可以由词组引导。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。二、状语从句的分类类型连接词例句时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, unti

2、l特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately, instantly, directly, no sooner . than, hardly . when, scarcely . whenThe children ran away from the orchard (果园), the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I

3、listen to your advice, I get into trouble.地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally speaking, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard.原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given

4、 thatNow that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.结果状语从句常用引导词：so . that, such . that, so that特殊引导词：to the

5、degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree thatHe got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless特殊引导词：as / so long as, only if, providing / provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition thatYou will certainly su

6、cceed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词：as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while (一般用在句首), no matter wh， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever，whenever, however, whicheverMuch

7、 as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, he could not change her mind.比较状语从句常用引导词：as (同级比较), than (不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词： the more ., the more .; just as ., so .The house is three times as big as ours.

8、The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food to men is what oil is to machine.方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, howWhen in Rome, do as the Romans do. She behaved as if she were the boss.考题印证111(2012重庆高考)Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injur

9、y.Auntil BbeforeCas Dunless解析：选C。考查连词的用法。根据句意“教练，我可以继续训练吗？”“很抱歉，不可以，因为你的膝盖受伤还没有恢复过来”可知，此处应用引导原因状语从句的连接词as。故选C项。12(2012天津高考)Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.Awhile BwhenCwhere Dthough解析：选C。考查状语从句。句意：在毕业典礼上，一切东西都放在他想放的位置。此处where引导地点状语从句。13(2012辽宁高考)Leave your ke

10、y with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. Aas long as Beven thoughCin case Das if 解析：选C。考查连词。句意：把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。as long as“只要”；even though“尽管”；in case“以防”；as if“好像”。所以选C。14(2012陕西高考)Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Aalthough

11、 BasCwhile Dhowever解析：选B。考查倒装句。句意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词as主语谓语动词。although与while也可以引导让步状语从句，但它们不能用倒装语序。三、状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件：主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句谓语动词是 be 的某种形式。从句中的主语和 be 动词常可省略。常用于以下几种情形：1连词形容词When (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候

12、就学会了骑自行车。2连词分词While (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。3连词不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。4连词介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻烦。点津当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表达。When the meeting wa

13、s over (The meeting over), all the people went out of the meeting room.当会议结束时，人们都走出了会议室。四、几组常见近义词的辨析1when, while 和 as(1)when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。when 还表示“就在那时”。When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为

14、他担水。(延续性动词)We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词)(2)while 引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。并且 while 有时还可以表示对比，表示“然而”；还可表示转折，表示“虽然”。While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.我妻子在看报纸，而我在看电视。(was reading 是延续性动词， was reading 和 was watching 同时发生)I like playing football while you

15、like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。(表对比)(3)as 表示“一边一边”，as 引导从句中的动作是延续性的，主句和从句动作同时发生。We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as 表示“一边一边”)考题印证2(2012山东高考)He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. Aas BifCunless Dthough解析：选A。考查引导状语从句的连接词。句意：当Mary为她喝醉了的朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。根据句意，此处只能用as引导时间状语

16、从句。if“如果”；unless“除非”；though“虽然”。2because, since, as 和 for(1)because 语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答 why 提出的问题。I didnt go, because I was afraid.我不走，因为我害怕。(2)for 是并列连词，引导并列分句，表示推断的理由。He must be ill, for he is absent today.他一定生病了，因为他今天没来。(3)当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 as。As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our jour

17、ney.因为天气太糟糕，我们不得不推迟旅行。(4)since 也表示显而易见的原因，常译为“既然”。Since you are here, please sit down and have a cup of coffee.既然你在这，坐下喝杯咖啡吧。五状语从句的时态特点一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”， 用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home

18、.我一完成此工作，就回家。考题印证3(2012江苏高考)Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others.Aso that Bno matter howCas long as Dexcept that解析：选C。考查连词。句意：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。as long as意为“只要”，符合句意。so that“以便，因此”；no matter how“不管怎样”；except that“除了”。.完成句子1第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。The_first_time I saw her

19、, I knew we would be good friends.2尽管我没有钱可花，而你却有钱无处花。While_I_have_no_money_to_spend,_you have nothing to spend money on.3他匆忙回家，边走边往后看。He hurried home, looking_behind_as_he_went.4万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？In_case_there_is_a_fire,_what will we do first?5我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。We must camp where_we_can_get_water.6既然没有人反对

20、，我们就执行这个计划吧。Since_no_one_is_against_it,_lets carry out the plan.7火车上人太多，我几乎转不过身来。The train was so full that_I_could_hardly_turn_around.8他说话的口气像是曾经到过那里似的。He spoke as_if_he_had_been_there_before.9即使我在你的位置，我也不会接受你的工作。Even_if_I_were_in_your_place,_I wouldnt take your job.10她无论身体好还是生病，总是很镇静。Whether_well_

21、or_sick,_She always keeps calm.单项填空1_ a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured.ABefore BUntilCWhenever DThe moment解析：选D。句意：小孩子一开始上学，他就进入了一个成败都被清晰地定义和衡量的恶性竞争的世界之中。the moment “一就”，相当于连词，符合句意。2(2012成都毕业班诊断)Dont be afraid

22、of asking for help _ it is needed.Aunless BsinceCalthough Dwhen解析：选D。句意：需要的时候不要害怕求助。when “当时候” 符合句意。3You should try to get a good sleep _ much work you have to do.Ahowever Bno matterCalthough Dwhatever解析：选A。句意：不论你有多少工作要做，你都得好好休息。根据语意可知，应用表示让步的连词，又因空白处要修饰 much work, 因此用 however。4(2012福建质检) _ the orga

23、nizers of “Love Parade 2010”， a music festival in Germany, did not ignore the warning that Duisburg was not a suitable place for the Love Parade, the terrible stampede (蜂拥) can be avoided.ASupposing BUnlessCProvide DIn case that解析：选A。句意：杜伊斯堡并不是适合举办“Love Parade”的地方，如果德国“Love Parade 2010”音乐节的组织者没有忽视这个

24、警告的话，这个踩踏事件是可以避免的。supposing provided providing if“倘若”，它们均表示条件。5(2012皖南八校二次联考)Much _ he states he has a good taste of his own, he cant avoid being influenced by advertisement.Athat BwhichCas D/解析：选C。句意：尽管他多次声称自己有很好的品位，但也不可避免地会受到广告的影响。四个选项中，能引导让步状语从句的只有 as。注意as 引导状语从句时，从句要倒装。6(2012福建高考)It is hard for

25、the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union.Aif BunlessCbecause Dsince解析：选B。考查连词的用法。句意：对希腊政府来说，如果从欧盟得不到更多的财政支援，很难克服目前的困难。unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合题意。7(2012郑州二检)You have to wear special clothing, a helmet and a life jacket _ your raf

26、t gets turned upside down or sinks.Aso that Bin order thatCnow that Din case解析：选D。结合句意，此处要表达的是“以防/万一你的橡皮艇翻了或沉了”，故用 in case。8(2012昆明质检)Doctor Brown says that _ what forceful arguments against cigarette harm there are, many people insist on smoking.Athough BhoweverCno matter Deven if解析：选C。no matter wh

27、at 在此引导让步状语从句，相当于 whatever 结构，其中心词为 arguments。9It cost me 30 yuan to get here.Well, it was crazy of you to take a taxi _ you would come by bus as well.Aunless BwhenCif Dbecause解析：选B。答语句意：既然也可以坐公交，你一定是疯了，竟然打的过来。由此可知选 when, 表示“既然，考虑到”。10Well, you can buy $20 tickets or $30 tickets, _ you prefer.Awhich

28、 BwhicheverCwhatever Dwhat解析：选B。本题中连词引导状语从句而不是定语从句，由前面提到的两种票价可知已经给出了选择范围，故应用 whichever 引导状语从句。11How long do you think _ the car factory launches a new model?Awill it be until Bit will be beforeCwill it be when Dit will be that解析：选B。固定句型 it will be时间段before 表示“要过多久才”，符合语意“要过多久这家工厂会出新车型”。此外，在特殊疑问句中，从句

29、应用陈述句语序。12(2012潍坊质检)We need to know the custom of this country, _ we would not displease anyone.Aeven though Bas ifCso that Donly if解析：选C。句意：我们需要知道这个国家的习俗，这样我们就不会惹怒任何人了。so that 引导目的状语从句，符合题意。even though “即使”； as if “好像”；only if “除非”。13(2012保定一调)Although Rio knew little about marketing, he succeeded

30、_ other more wellinformed managers failed.Aas BunlessCwhat Dwhere解析：选D。根据句意：“他在别的消息更加灵通的经理们失败的地方获得了成功”可知，句中缺少地点状语从句的连接词，故答案为D。14How long is it _ we last saw it snowed here?Not sure, about eight years.Asince BbeforeCafter Dwhen解析：选A。这是一个固定句型，即“It is/has been时间段since .”，意为“自从以来多久了”，结合句意可知选A。15All the dishes in this menu, _ stated, will serve two to three people.Abut BifCthough Dunless解析：选D。句意：这份菜单中的所有菜，除非有说明，否则都是供两到三人食用。中间部分是“