名师整理最新英语中考专题复习《动词的时态》精讲精练含答案.docx

1、名师整理最新英语中考专题复习动词的时态精讲精练含答案动词的时态 【学习目标】1.掌握八大时态的定义、构成2.掌握八大时态的时间状语3.掌握八大时态的用法【重难点】1区分各个时态的时间状语2区分各个时态的结构、用法1. I dont know if Tom _ here tomorrow. If he _, Ill call you.A. comes; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; will come D. will come; comes2. -When will you hand in your book report? -Sorry, Im

2、 not sure. I _ writing it yetA. didnt finish B. dont finish C. hadnt finished D. havent finished3. A nice tie！A present? Yes, it is. My aunt _ it to me for my birthday.A. was sending B. had sent C. will send D. sent4. Youre in a hurry. Where are you going? To the cinema. Sue _ for me outside.A. wait

3、s B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting5. There more visitors in Dongying this year because 2014 City Landscaping Exposition of Shandong Province (山东省城市园林绿化博览会) will be held here on September 1st.A. is B. are C. will be D. is going to have初中阶段八大时态的基本应用一般：现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数 过去时：谓语用动词的过去式 将来时：谓语用will

4、/be going to+动词原形现在：进行时：谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词 完成时：谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词过去：进行时：谓语用were/was+动词的过去分词 完成时：谓语用had+动词的过去分词 将来时：谓语用would或was/were going to+动词原形一、一般现在时： 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。（1）一般现在时的构成：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加“-s”或“-es”。（附1：动词第三人称单数）（2）一般现在时的用法： 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与一般现在时连用的

5、时间状语：表示频度的副词always，often，usually，sometimes等。on Sundays，on Monday afternoon，every day，in the morning，every year等时间状语。once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的表示频率的词组。如：He gets up at five oclock every day.他每天5点起床。 He often plays football. 他经常踢足球。2 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth t

6、urns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转) Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)3 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要发生的）事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Hankou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if, unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可

7、以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)4 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。如：Now the midfield player catches the ball

8、and he keeps it.现在中锋拿到了球，带球跑。【例1】-Whenwillwebeginourmeeting? -WellbeginitwhenHelen_.A.comes B.came C.willcome D.come【例2】Youwillseemanyantsdancingtogetheronthesquareifit_intheevening.A.doesntrain B.rains C.willrain D.wontrain【例3】Marywithherparentsoften forawalkintheparkaftersupper.A.go B.isgoing C.ar

9、egoing D.goes【例4】Iwillsendyouane-mailassoonasI_inLondon.A.arrived B.arrive C.willarrive D. am arriving【例5】Acookwilllosehisjobifhe tosmokeinthekitchen.A.finds B.found C.isfound D. was found二、一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth来表示）1 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (

10、yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now等。 when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我今早是六点钟起床的)Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.小Tom今早9点半打坏了玻璃。When he went into the room, he

11、 saw a stranger talking with his father.He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)2 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last, in, fromto, for(10 years),often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young.杰克逊先生小时候经常去夜校。3 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,

12、而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)注意：有一些容易变化错误的单词，如：prefer preferred, fix fixed, mix mixed【例1】I_acameratwoyearsagobutIhaventhadachancetouseit.A. haveboughtB. bought C. willbuy D. would buy【例2】-WhenwillUncleSamcometoseeus? -Hewillvisitusthisweekend.He _methatbyemail.A. to

13、ld B. istold C. willtell D. wasgoingtotell【例3】-Lookatthesign.Itsays”NoSmoking”. -Oh,sorry.I _ it.A.dontsee B.haventseen C.wasntseen D.didntsee三、一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, in+一段时间; when/ after等引导的状语从句的主

14、句中。如：I will call you when my mother comes back.当我妈妈回来我会打电话给你。用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称。“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon.我很快就会从这所学校毕业。表示有礼貌地询问对面是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。（不用be going to）如:Will you please lend me your bike?你会借自行车给我吗？表示意愿时。（不用be going to）如：We will help him if h

15、e asks us.如果他请我们，我们愿意帮助他。表示单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。（不用be going to）如：The sun will rise at 6：30. 太阳将在6：30升起。“be going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词，表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we

16、go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？) “be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示按照计划即将发生的动作。如：Tom told her that he was (about) to go abroad.【例1】Neither the headmaster nor the teachers _take a vacation next week.A.weregoingto B.isgoingto C.wasgoingto D.ar

17、egoingto【例2】Theweatherforecastsaysthat_anotherstormtomorrow. A.therewillhave B.therewillbe C.therehas D.therehasbeen【例3】IdontknowifSam_tomorrow. Dontworry.Iwilltellyouassoonashe_.A.comes;willcome B.willcome;comesC.willcome;willcome D. comes; comes四、现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。(1) 现在进行

18、时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。(2）现在进行时的用法表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。常与now, look, listen, at the moment等连用。What are you doing? Im reading English.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。常与these days等时间状语连用。They are studying hard this term. 他们这学期学习一直很努力。My father is writing a novel these days.（3）位移动词：go，come，leave，stay，start，begin等，常

19、用进行时表将来。表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。We are leaving for London soon. 我们很快就要动身去伦敦了。She is going there tomorrow. 她明天要去那里。 Im coming now.(我就来)（4）表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it a few days later.（5）但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。A、表示感觉的动词。

20、如see，hear等。 B、表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。如like，love，hate等。C、表示希望的动词。如want，would like等。D、表示状态的动词。如be等。 E、表示归属的动词。如have等。 F、表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如know，think，forget等。【例1】Were proud that China_stronger and stronger these years.A.willbecome B.became C.isbecoming D.wasbecoming【例2】NowJerry_theexchangeprogramwithhisclassmatesin

21、themeetingroom. A. discussed B.isdiscussing C.wasdiscussing D.hasdiscussed【例3】Look,somevisitors_forthebusoverthere.A. arewaiting B. iswaiting C. waiting D. wait【例4】-Hurryup!Itstimetogo. -OK._.A. Im coming B. Id come C. Ive come D. I come五、过去进行时：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人

22、称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。2 过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),以及由when/while引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her. 3 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She

23、saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)Father was watching TV while mother was cooking supper. 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)【例1】Bob took a photo of his girlfriend while she _ at the part

24、y.A.dances B.wasdancing C.hasdanced D.isdancing【例2】-Whydidthecarhittheboy? -Becausethedriver_onthephoneatthattime.A.talk B.istalking C.wastalking D.havetalked【例3】DidyouwatchthefootballmatchonTVlastnight? Iwantedto,butmymother herfavoriteTVprogramme.A. watches B.watched C.waswatching D.hadwatched【例4】

25、-Icalledyouathalfpastninethismorning,buttherewasnoanswer. -Oh, sorry. I _with my cousin in the supermarket. A. shopping B.was shopping C. shopped D. will shop六、现在完成时：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。（附2：动词不规则变化表）在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：alrea

26、dy, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时（肯定句或疑问句中动词必须用延续性动词）,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away f

27、rom my hometown for three years.(我离开家乡有3年了) = I have been away from my hometown since three years ago.= I have been away from my hometown since 2005.= It is 3 years since I left my hometown.4 口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)have been to与have

28、gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过（次）”)表示人在这里。如：-Where is Mr Li? -He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。) I have been to Beijing three times. (我去过那里三次。)在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。comebe here, gobe there, diebe dead, borrowkeep, buyhave, joinbe in(be a member), leavebe away, begin to studystudy等。使用下面这个句型：It is / has been + (多久) + since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+过去时间状语注意 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。