英语长难句70句分析.docx

1、英语长难句70句分析如何掌握长难句 复杂长句是考研阅读理解短文的最显着特点之一， 是文章语言难度所在， 也是命 题者常常出题之处。 因此具备较好的剖析复杂长句的能力， 对于考研阅读理解至 关重要。复杂长句典型的特点是， 多个语法现象或特殊句式同时出现在一个较长 的句子中，使句子修饰词很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，从而造成考生对其准 确意义的理解困难。对于复杂长句， 不管其结构多么复杂多变、 盘根错节， 只要把握住句子结构的主 脉络抓住句子的关键词和关键信息， 再根据自己所掌握的各种语法知识及一些特 殊句式的构成规律，就可理清头绪，找到思路。由于复杂长句很难理解，考生在 平时阅读时应多加练习。下

2、面分 8 类总结了最典型的 70 句真题长难句，希望考生复习时能多揣摩，如能 将其中英文全部背熟，长难句肯定过关。第一节 比较结构are already robot systems that can perform some kinds ofbrain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greaterprecision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with theirhands alone.【参考译文】现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手 术 - 这要

3、比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。have discovered ， as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicizedresignation from the editorship of She after a build-up ofstress ，that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life ”， andmaking the alternative move into “downshifting ” brings with it fargreater rewards than finan

4、cial success and social status 【参考译文】 或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在 她杂志社的 编辑一职之后样，我已经发现，放弃那种“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追 求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in thelate 80s and is still linked to the politics of

5、thrift ，in Britainatleast among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance ， wehave different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 【参考译文】在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的 - 那是在 80 年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后 - 现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在 英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中， 追求简约生活的原因就多种 多样了。people do not seem less interested in s

6、uccess and itssigns now than formerly Summer home，s European travel ，BMWs the locations ， place names and name brands may change ， but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago 【参考译文】 当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。 消 夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车 - 地点、地各以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物 在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会

7、亚于一二十年前。is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientistswho know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope 【参考译文】 审查者完全有理由相信， 知道自己准备做什么、 怎么做的科学家不 应该

8、因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。 experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate ， then itis perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents【参考译文】如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和 实

9、施的话那么对管理层来说， 期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合 理的。current passion for making children compete against theirclassmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system ，in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows 【参考译文】现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的 A类好像在某个方面要比他们 B

10、类的同辈更胜一 筹。第二节 非谓语结构to say, this project has turned out be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes ， combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want 【参考译文】 遗憾地讲，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些十分低 层次的发现， 比如新闻报道中的事实错误， 拼写

11、或语法错误 （和这些低层次发现 ） 交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。examples of Virtual Vineyards ， Amazon com， and other pioneers show that a web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.【参考译文】像 Virtual Vineyards ，这样的先驱网站表明，一个将

12、交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合 以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户注意的。invisible border divides those arguing for computers in thecareer prospects and thoseclassroom on the behalf of students arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform 【参考译文】 有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩， 有些人为教育 的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为

13、教室早放置电脑而辩， 这两群人之间有一条无形 的界线。， for a small group of students ，professional training might bethe way to go since well-developed skills ， all other factors beingequal ，can be the difference between having a job and not 【参考译文】但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为 在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。current federal law a

14、lready forbids the use of federalfunds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryos life ，NBAC will remain silent on embryo research 【参考译文】因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎 ( 人类后裔在 出生前的最早阶段)用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上将 保持沉默。colleague ，

15、 Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. 【参考译文】他的同事迈克尔 •比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的 方式实行公司内部的重新设计，在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。 of science have also voiced their concern

16、s at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason ” ， held in New York Cityin 1995 ， and “Science in the Age Of ( Mis ) information ”， which assembled last June near Buffalo【参考译文】科学卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比如 1995 年在纽约 市举行的“逃离科学与理性”会议，以及去年 6 月在布法罗附近召开的“ （错误） 信息时代的科学”会议。six months of arguing and fina

17、l 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates ，Australias Northern Territory became thefirst legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die 【参考译文】经过了六个月的争论以及最后 16 个小时的激烈的议会辩论 , 澳大利 亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当 局。are ， of course exceptions Sm

18、all-minded officials ， rudewaiters ， and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the USYet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment 【参考译文】当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的侍者，和 没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。 然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见， 这使得 它值得被讨论一下。of the language used to describe monetary policy, suc

19、h as“steering the economy to a soft landing ” of “a touch on the brakesIIJmakes it sound like a precise science Nothing could be further from the truth.【参考译文】有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如“轻踩刹车”以“操纵经济 软着陆”，使货币政策听起来象是一门精确的科学。 没有什么比这更远离实际情 况的了。，inFulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screw

20、s, wedges, wheel, etc like a poet among the letters of the alphabet ， considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts which a new arrangement transmits a new idea【参考译文】罗伯特 . 法欧特曾经这样写到：“一个技师会坐在杠杆，螺丝钉， 楔子，轮子等等当中就像一个使人沉浸在字母表的字母中， 把这些字母看成自己 思想的展现，在这样的展现中，每种新的次序安排都传达了一种新的思想。” serves directly to assist

21、a rapid distribution of goods atreasonable price ，thereby establishing a firm home market and somaking it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.【参考译文】 它（ 广告） 能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去， 因 此可以 （使公司 ） 建立一个坚固的国内市场， 同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出 口变得可能。the American economy, the concept of private property

22、 embracesnot only the ownership of productive resources but also certainrights, including the right to determine the price of a product orto make a free contract with another private individual 【参考译文】在美国经济中 , 私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也 指其他些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体 （经济单位 ） 自由签订合同的权利。the same time these c

23、omputers record which hours are busiestand which employers are the most efficient ，allowing personnel andstaffing assignments to be made accordingly And they also identifypreferred customers for promotional campaigns 【参考译文】同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的， 哪些员工工作效率最高， 这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。 而且它们 （计算机）也能为促销活动找到那些 拥有优先权的

24、顾客。第三节 定语从句another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.【参考译文】在另一个层面上， 很多医疗界的人承认， 关于医生帮助下的自杀的 讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪， 对他们来说， 现在医学已经延长了死亡的身体 痛苦。oth

25、er words ， there is a conventional story line in the newsroomculture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrativestructure for otherwise confusing new 【参考译文】换句话说， 在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着一套约定俗成的写作模式， 为 新闻报道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的叙述结构。 若没有这些， 新闻内容就 会一团混乱，让人摸不着头脑。it is a little upsetting to read in the explan

26、atory notesthat a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and aBulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into theriver-and then to find that the line consists of the noise oftheir failing and the weights of the officers ，“ Pluff! Pluff! Ahundred and eighty-five kilograms ” 【参考译

27、文】但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保 加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里， 而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着 “扑通，扑通， 185 公斤重”这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写 时，我们不免感到困惑不安。coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of womeninto the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities ofteen-agers who are already questioning the heavy pe

28、rsonal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs 【参考译文】战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使 得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限， 他们已经在不停地质疑日本国内为了爬上那 通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。， we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles ，which nowmore than ever seem in ample supply ： the crit

29、ic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools 【参考译文】 相反，我们有幸看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象， 他们似乎比以前的 任

30、何时候都更供应充足： 美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山 庄；激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用日三餐； 倡导在人生各个阶段的参 与民主制的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。ways of organizing the workplace all that re-engineering anddownsizing are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy，which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in eq

31、uipment and machinery, new technology ，and investmentin education and training.【参考译文】 企业重组的新方法 - 所有那些重新设计、 缩小规模的做法 - 只是 对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。 这种经济还受许多其他因素的驱 动，比如联合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quie

32、t a headache ，somewine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.【参考译文】在我们生活的社会， 物质（药物）在医疗和社交方面的使用很广泛： 服用阿司匹林以减缓头痛， 喝点酒以增进友谊， 早上喝点咖啡提神， 吸烟以消除 紧张情绪。，a littlemost thrilling explanation is unfortunately defective Some economists argue that powerful structural changes inthe world have upended the old economic models that were based uponthe powerful link between growth and inflatio