上海暑期英语八升九新初三新九年级讲义连词阅读主旨大意首字母牛津新世纪版本通用八.docx

1、上海暑期英语八升九新初三新九年级讲义连词阅读主旨大意首字母牛津新世纪版本通用八学员编号： 年 级： 新九年级 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英 语 学科教师： 授课类型C-连词C-阅读选择（主旨大意）C-首字母授课日期及时段教学内容一、专题知识梳理 一、连词的概念 连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。二、连词的分类常有的1、并列连词：and, bothand, eitheror, neithernor， not onlybut also, as well

2、as等。2、表转折的并列连词：but, however, while (而)，only (只不过)。3、表选择的并列连词，or, or else, otherwise 4、表因果的连词：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。 5、从属连词：that, if, whether,（初中主要用来连接宾语从句，其次用来连接状语从句。）6、时间状语从句，常用的连接词有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 7、连接条件状语的连词有：if, unless, as long as 等，8、

3、而原因状语的连接词有because, since, as, now that (既然)。9、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that, sothat, suchthat, asas, than, where 它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。 我们通过一些例句来分析一下连词的功用。三、重点连词辨析1、 because、as、since、for的用法：because表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面；另外,回答why的问句只能用because. as表示一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在

4、句尾。since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。for(因为)是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如：He is not at school today because he is seriously ill./ As all of you have got here, now, lets go to the zoo./ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy. / We must be off now for the match starts at 7：00. 2、 if、whet

5、her的区别：表示“是否”时,if和whether同义,引导宾语从句,另外,whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；而if还可以表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。如：I dont know if/whether he will arrive on time.（我不知道他是不是会按时到达）/ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.（如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的） 下列情况只能用whether不能用if：引导主语从句, 如：Whether it is a fine day

6、 next Sunday is still a question. 引导从句作介词宾语引导不定式短语, / Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not. (作动词的宾语) /引导让步状语从句, Hainan is the place to be, whether its summer or winter. (引导让步状语从句)/在动词discuss之后在wonder / not sure之后【讲解】给学生讲的时候，不必让其记住这些情况，简单地告诉学生，能用whether就用whether，if和whether在一起，都表示

7、“是否”的时候，用whether肯定没错，因为whether更“专业”。3、 while、when、as的用法区别：1）while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. /2）when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；Ill go home when I have finished my job. / They were running quickly across the road when th

8、ey heard the sound of a truck coming3）as与上两词同义,可替换while和when, 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边一边”。. As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly. 4、 till/until与nottill/until的区别：1）前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作。如：I will stay here and watch the baby until you return. (stay这个动作一直进行到你return) / 2）The

9、y wont go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.另外till与until基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till. 如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing. Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（倒装句）5、 though与although的区别：两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。although“尽管、虽然”仅作连

10、词,比较正式,一般可以换为though； though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=even if),表示“即使、纵然”,作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首。如：He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes./ she wont leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper./ It was a quiet party. I had a good time, thoug

11、h.6、 prefer torather than与preferto的区别：prefer torather than后面都是用动词原形,preferto都是用动名词或名词。如：I prefer English to Japanese. / I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese. 二、专题精讲1、 she was not well, I decided to go without her. A. Though B. As C. When D. Because of 答案 B. 讲解 as这里应译为由于。全句意为：由于她不舒服，我

12、决定不带她去了。而because of 其后不能接从句只 能接宾语。如： Because of the heavy rain, we decided not to go。2、Take this dictionary with you you may use it in class. A. otherwise B. in order to C. or D. so that 答案 D. 讲解应译为为的是。本句句义为：带上字典，为的是在上课时可能有用。而in order to 其后应接动词不定式， 如：Take this dictionary with you in order to use it

13、in class。 3、I dont know _I should do with so many eggs. You can sell them. A how B why C what D when 答案A. 讲解can 表示能，可以，你可以卖掉他们，如果我们对“卖掉”进行提问的话，是什么? 是方式，所以用how。三、专题过关1. I like summer best among the four seasons, _ I can enjoy the long summer vacation. A. but B. because C. so D. though2. Arthur, you w

14、ill get toothache _ you clean your teeth regularly. A. unless B. since C. if D. before3. You will achieve great success, _ you have a dream and believe in it. A. after B. although C. until D. if4. I dont like western food. I seldom eat it _ I go to MacDonald with my daughter. A. if B. when C. as D.

15、unless5. the World Expo was over, a lot of visitors still go to the China Pavilion to enjoy themselves and take photos. A. Although B. Since C. When D. As6. A good friend always gives you a helping hand _ youre in trouble. ( 金山)A. when B. before C. until D. though7. We will have less and less space

16、for parking _ we think of better ways. A. since B. if C. because D. unless8. Mr. Black and his wife lived a happy life _ they were very poor. A. because B. though C. since D. or9. Its not easy to live in a foreign country_ you dont know the language. A. though B. if C. but D. so10. Some citizens beg

17、in to grow vegetables themselves _ they are worried about the safety of the food. A. if B. although C. until D. because11. _ Jeremy Lin has made himself known to the whole world for his talent in playing basketball, he still stays very humble (谦虚). A. Because B. If C. Although D. Until12. Jack was h

18、alf an hour late for the party _ he was stuck in a traffic jam. A. unless B. while C. because D. if13. He didnt realize his mistake _ he was told about it. A. if B. while C. until D. since14. Susan did quite well in the final exam _ she had missed two weeks lessons. A. though B. if C. because D. unl

19、ess15. I decided not to buy frozen dumplings the government said they were safe. A. because B. though C. since D. or 16. I cant understand the sentence _ there are no new words in it. A. if B. until C. though D. because 17. We will remember the picture _ it is silly, strange and colorful. A. unless

20、B. if C. before D. after18. Speak louder_ everyone in the meeting room can hear you clearly. A. so that B. in order to C. since D. because19. I am afraid you wont get the job youre the best. A. if B. as soon as C. because D. unless20. the manager cant make the service better, the shop will soon lose

21、 all the customers. A. When B. If C. Because D. Although 21. Mr Black has made many Chinese friends he came to China. A. before B. until C. as soon as D. since22. you have been in Beijing for many years, you must be quite familiar with the city. A. While B. Since C. When D. UnlessKeys:1-5 BADDA 6-10

22、 ADBBD 11-15 CCCAB 16-20 CBADB 21-22DB四、学法提炼1了解连词含义；2. 准确判断句意。一、专题知识梳理 阅读选择题之主旨大意题 一、考查形式常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：The text is mainly about _.The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is _.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last/xx paragraph?What would be the best title /headline for

23、 the text? This article mainly tells about the story of _.What is the topic of the text?The subject discussed in this text is _.What does the second paragraph discuss?The paragraph (passage) deals with _.What is mainly discussed in the text? 【讲解】务必反复强调，让学生熟悉这些考察形式二、解题技巧1、整体思路1).先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题

24、目类别和提问方式。2).再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。3).以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。4)、这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做2、分类解析1) 文章或者某段落的主旨大意主题句定位法即通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。主题呈现的方式：二、专题精讲1、开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, b

25、elieving that it isresponsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.题目：What does this passage mainly talk about？A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.B. Opinions a

26、bout competition are different among people.C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition. 【讲解】答案：B.让学生先自己找找主题句，然后让其在文中划出来，并问为什么。如果划错了，要指出学生思维上出现的问题，并告诉学生主题句的特征，即什么样的句子才符合主题句的特征。2、藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾On the Internet, we can read news at home

27、and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often sende-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. Whats more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on

28、 the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.题目：Whats the main idea of the passage？A. Keep away from the Internet. B. Surf the net. C. The Internet is playing an

29、 important part in our daily life. D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.【讲解】答案：C. 帮助学生分析主题句之前的那些句子的作用，这些句子往往是举例子，摆事实，而对其的总结就是主题句，这是属于演绎归纳的写作形式。3首尾呼应式在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。 Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. Th

30、e Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal isThere are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse te

31、ams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio. At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.题目：The passage is mainly about . A. How to Play Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The Histor