全攻略高中英语阅读理解题型体裁解读解题技巧及练习附答案.docx

1、全攻略高中英语阅读理解题型体裁解读解题技巧及练习附答案高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨推理判断题（一）题型复习阅读理解归纳为以下 四大题型 ，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同， 可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。 .事实细节题.猜测词义题学会 顺藤摸瓜 ，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。 在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义3）通过因果关系猜测词义4）根据生活常识猜测词义5）根据同等关系猜测词义6）根据列举的事例猜测词义7）根据构词法知识猜测词义.推理判断题做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时， 又要求

2、学生对作者的态度、 意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断， 力求从作者的角度去考虑， 不要固守自己的看法或观点。 不要主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发挥，而走入误区 。学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用归纳、对比、演绎技能，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意， 同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调 (如：否定、 厌恶、反问、讽刺等 )。这类试题常以如下句式发问： What can you conclude/ imply from this passage? Whats the author s attitude（态度） towards.?We can inf

3、er /learn from the passage that. .主旨大意题这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：1确定文章的标题和主题 (title or topic)标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次， 看标题是否能概括全文内容。 不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节； 然后， 要注意标题范围不应太大或太小； 最后，标题应简练并能吸引读

4、者。 即 :1、独特新颖 2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。常见的标题型题干：1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_.2)The text (passage) could be entitled _.3) What is the best title for the passage?4) What s the topic of the article?2.主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea) 的概括一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。 这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。叫做主题句。一般来说，

5、说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于此句文章的中间或末尾。 但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句， 要求读者把握每段的主题句， 弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释 ,说明 , 论证或扩展 .常见的主题句和主旨型题干：1) What is the topic sentence of the passage?2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _.3) Which of the following giv

6、es a general idea of the passage?4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?阅读推理判断题分类：1. 推断隐含意义It can be inferred from the text that_.The story indicates that_.标志性词语： infer, indicate, suggest, imply, conclude.2. 推断作者观点或态度What does the author think of _?Whats the authors attitude towar

7、d_?In the authors opinion, _.标志性词语： according to the writer, attitude, think, opinion, consider.3. 推断写作目的What is the authors main purpose in this passage?In the passage the author wants to tell_.The article is intended to _.标志性词语： purpose, intend to, show, want.4. 推断文章出处Where would this passage most

8、 probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.标志性词语： be taken from, appear, a part of, be taken out of.5. 推断人物的观点、情感、品性Sb think that _.What do we know/learn about sb in the text?How did feel about ?标志性词语： attitude, learn form, know from, feel about.6. 推断读者对象或文章的作者Who probably wrote the let

9、ter?Who is the passage written for?Who are the intended readers of the passage?标志性词语： the intended reader, writer, author7. 推断作者的情感How does the author feel about_?The writer probably feels that_.标志性词语： feel, feel about.（二） 练习Find the answers to the inference questions in the reading personally.第 1 题

10、 When I was a teenager, my mother s broken English embarrassed me. But now,I see it differently. To me, my mother s English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. Itis my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full ofobservation and wisdom. It was the language that helped s

11、hape the way 1 saw things,expressed ideas, and made sense of the world2010. 年广东卷 A 篇 44What does the author think of her mother s English now?A. It confuses her.B. It embarrasses her.C. It helps her understand the world.D. It helps her tolerate rude people.第 2 题 Batteries can power anything from sma

12、ll sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, ligh

13、ter and more efficient.Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate directorof the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that

14、 the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair【. 2010 山东卷 D 篇 75】The text is most probably a _.A. science news report B. book reviewC. newspaper ad D. science fiction story第 3 题 Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around

15、. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区 )of the world, it remains the next big thing finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is

16、having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.The author intends to_. 2010 年福建卷 B 篇 62 .A.stress the advantages of TV ot people s livesB.persuade women to become more independentC.encourage people to improve their reading skillsD.introduce the readers some websites such as Google第 4

17、 题 Dress to impress: Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smithays, “Girlsshould keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your future career and your classmates will become your professional network.You don t need to dress like you re going to the of

18、fice, butdisplayyoushouldanability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence, andlook put together. ”年2011广州市高三年级调研测试 A 篇 26The second paragraph indicates the importance of _.A. impressing professorsB. getting on well with classmatesC. creating a professional imageD. dres

19、sing appropriately【拓展训练】第 5 题*But in London, dinner parties are in peoples homes. Not only that, the guests arean interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York the mix is less striking

20、. Its like a gathering at Bloomingdales, a well-known department store.2010 年辽宁卷 B 篇 62What does the author think of the parties in London?A. A bit unusual. B. Full of tricks.C. Less costly. D. More interesting.第 6 题*.My mother has long realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fif

21、teen, she used to have me call people on the phone to pretend I was she. I was foxed to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rode to her. One time 1 had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人 ). I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, This is Mrs. Tan. 2010 年高考广东卷 A

22、 篇 42From Paragraph 2, we know that the author was _ .A. good at pretendingB. rode to the stockbrokerC. ready to help her motherD. unwilling to phone for her mother第 7 题*.He talked to me because he wants his editors to demand so much more of him. Hewants to be pushed, challenged, coached to new heig

23、hts.The reporter believes that good stories spring from good questions, but his editors usually ask how long the story will be, when it will be in, where it can play, and what the budget is.He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants some

24、one to get excited about what hes doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. Thats what you want for him, too,isnt it?.2010 年高考北京卷 B 篇 60What does the writer think of the reporter?A. Optimis

25、tic. B. Imaginative. C. Ambitious. D. Proud.第 8 题*Columbus College , 241 Queen Elizabeth Drive ,Kowloon City To: All StaffFrom: Jakie Mok , Secretary;Sports Development CommitteeDate: May 20, 2010A week ago , “ Sportsfor Life ”pregramme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they

26、wanted their child to play. Since then , our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it . Here is a memo (备忘录 ) for your reference when you answer the phones. 2010 年高考福建卷 D 篇 71The purpose of the memo is to_.A.attract students interest in the programmeB.requi

27、re the parents to select a sport for their childC.help the staff explain the programme to the parentsD.remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time第 9 题*One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“ I need twosmall mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）

28、.”“ What do you need these things for?the shop ”assistant was very surprised.“Well， ”replied the man，“ I m movingout of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found ”it.The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment，

29、it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects高中阅读理解文章体裁解读（一）阅读方法1.跳读 ：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、 what、 when、 where 之类的问题最为有效。2.略读 ：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答 why、 how 之类的问题。3.精读 ：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得

30、对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点：1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想 。3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义 。 4.尽快选择答案 。（二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧1.记叙文记叙文又可分 传记类 和故事类 。 传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件， 抓住文章的主要内容。 故事类文章情节性较强， 阅读时要注意故事中的时间、 地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息， 对于准确理解文章十分重要。2.说明文说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。 说明事物特征的方法很多， 主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。数字说明文在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义， 从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。解释说明文解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、 特征和功用等。 许多科普文