智能避障机器人设计外文翻译.docx

1、智能避障机器人设计外文翻译INTELLIGENT VEHICLEOur society is awash in “machine intelligence” of various kinds.Over the last century, we have witnessed more and more of the “drudgery” of daily living being replaced by devices such as washing machines.One remaining area of both drudgery and danger, however, is the

2、daily act ofdriving automobiles 1.2 million people were killed in traffic crashes in 2002, which was 2.1% of all globaldeaths and the 11th ranked cause of death . If this trend continues, an estimated 8.5 million people will be dying every year in road crashes by 2020. In fact, the U.S. Department o

3、f Transportation has estimated the overall societal cost of road crashes annually in the United States at greater than $230 billion.When hundreds or thousands of vehicles are sharing the same roads at the same time, leading to the all too familiar experience of congested traffic. Traffic congestion

4、undermines our quality of life in the same way air pollution undermines public health.Around 1990, road transportation professionals began to apply them to traffic and road management. Thus was born the intelligent transportation system(ITS). Starting in the late 1990s, ITS systems were developed an

5、d deployed. In developed countries, travelers today have access to signifi-cant amounts of information about travel conditions, whether they are driving their own vehicle or riding on public transit systems.As the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil - and are full of e

6、nergy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most id

7、eal of transportation. In the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic

8、device, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces

9、 the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Wide

10、ly used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steerin

11、g system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the use function of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumpt

12、ion and emission regulations meet standards. The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout

13、, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mai

14、nly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going and stability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil

15、. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state, so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it

16、can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car, car motions of state and optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and asc

17、ending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passengers safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of driver

18、s and passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life.Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perce

19、ption of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc. Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort. Of

20、 course battery electric vehicle is the key, the electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery, the flywheel zinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many ki

21、nd of cells, the fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fuel cells have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, need not only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (F

22、CEV) can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects of superior internal-combustion vehicles.Along with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open class in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe, convenient

23、and flexible, comfortable. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the car will was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that day after timing will come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto

24、 tacit understanding is tie-in, bring us unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving.The hardware and software of the intelligent vehicle are designed based on AVR.This system could set the route in advance. The vehicle could communicate with the PC vianRF401 and could run safely wi

25、th the help of ultra sound detection and infrared measuring circuit. Neural network self- study is used to improve the intelligence of the vehicle.The performance of servo systems will determine the property of the robot. Based on AVRseries MCU，the velocity servo system for driving motor is created

26、in this paper，including a discrete PIregulator which will work out a PWM control signal with applying the skill of integral separation.The velocities of motors will be controlled real-time with the speed sampling frequency set for 2KHz by using the AVR-GCC compiler software development.Compared to t

27、he servo system development based on the 51 Series MCU，the system here has these advantages of simpler peripheral circuit and faster data processing.The experiments demonstrate that，the mobile robot runs stably and smoothly by the control of AVR units，and that the design proposal especially benefits

28、 the development of intelligent mobile robots，also can be widely used in the development of other smart devices and product lines.A new design of contest robot control system based on AVR Atmega8 was put forward. According to the character of contest robot , the main control unit , motor drive unit

29、, sense detection unit and LCD display unit were introduced. Furthermore the servo driver system based on MCBL3006S , the line t racker sensor system and the obstacle avoidance sensor system were presented in detail.Finally the performance shows that the control system is open,simple,easy programmin

30、g,intelligent and efficiency.Avoidance rules of intelligent vehicle obstacle are intro ducted.Through the collection of infrared sensor formation,the rules use diode D1 to launch and diode D2 to receive infrared signals. Infrared transmitter signal without a dedicated circuit comes directly from the

31、 MCU clock frequency, which not only simplifier the circuit and debugging, but also make the circuit stability and anti- jamming capability greatly enhanced.After the experimental verification,the system runs reliably meet the design requirements.A smart car control system of the path information id

32、entified based on CCD camera was introduced.The hardware structure and scheme were designed. The control strategy of s teering mechanism was presented. The smart car not only can identify the road precisely, but also have ant-interference performance, and small steady state error.This article design

33、ed smart car system,includes the aspects of the sensor information acquisition and processing, motor drive, control algorithm and control strategy etc.Using laser sensor to collect the road information which can feedback to the micro-controller control system,then making analytical processing combined with the software.With velocity feedback and PID control