1、常用的前缀和后缀一、常用的前缀和后缀 1、常用前缀 aero-:concerning the air of aircraft planeaeroplane spaceaerospace anti-:against;opposite of nuclearantinuclear matterantimatter warantiwar auto-:of or by oneself biographyautobiography criticismautocriticism be-:to treat as the stated thing friendbefriend littlebelittle bi
2、-:two;twice;double lingualbilingual cyclebicycle bio-:concerning living things chemistrybiochemistry spherebiosphere by-,bye-:less important produceby-produce waybyway centi-:hundredth part gradecentigrade metercentimeter co-:together,with authorcoauthor existcoexist col-:( used before l ) together,
3、with locationcollocation com-:( used before b,m,p ) together,with passioncompassion con-:together,with centricconcentric federationconfederation contra-:opposite dictioncontradiction naturalcontranatural cor-:( used before r ) together,with relatecorrelate respondcorrespond counter-:opposite actcoun
4、teract attackcounterattack cross-:across;going between the stated things and joining them countrycrosscountry breedcrossbreed de-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reduce codedecode valuedevalue dis-:not;the opposite of advantagedisadvantage agreedisagree honestdishonest em-:( used before b,m,p ) to
5、cause to become bodyembody powerempower en-:to cause to become;to make dangerendanger largeenlarge ex-:former ( and still living ) ministerex-minister wifeex-wife extra-:outside;beyond curricularextracurricular ordinaryextraordinary fore-:in advance,before;in or at the front armforearm warnforewarn
6、il-:( used before l ) not legalillegal literateilliterate im-:( used before b,m,p ) not moralimmoral possibleimpossible in-:not directindirect sensitiveinsensitive infra-:below in a range;beyond redinfrared structureinfrastructure inter-:between;among changeinterchange nationalinternational intra-:i
7、nside,within;into cityintracity departmentintra-department ir-:(used before r)not regularirregular responsibleirresponsible kilo-:thousand gramkilogram meterkilometer macro-:large,esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economicsmacroeconomics structuremacrostructure mal-:bad
8、or badly functionmalfunction treatmaltreat micro-:extremely small computermicrocomputer electronicsmicroelectronics mid-:middle daymidday nightmidnight mini-:small;short busminibus skirtminiskirt mis-:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly fortunemisfortune understandmisunderstand mono-:one;single planemonop
9、lane tonemonotone multi-:more than one;many purposemultipurpose nationalmultinational non-:not residentnon(-)resident sensenonsense out-:outside;beyond liveoutlive dooroutdoor over-:too much;above;additional headoverhead timeovertime poly-:many centricpolycentric syllabicpolysyllabic post-:later tha
10、n;after graduatepostgraduate warpostwar pre-:before;in advance payprepay warprewar pro-:in favor of,supporting Americapro-America abortionpro-abortion pseudo-:not real;false namepseudonym sciencepseudoscience re-:again;back to the former state unitereunite usereuse self-:by means of oneself or itsel
11、f;of,to,with,for,or in oneself or itself employedself-employed taughtself-taught semi-:half;partly circlesemicircle finalsemifinal step-:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried motherstepmother childrenstepchildren sub-:under,below;less important;part of the stated bigger whole dividesub
12、divide sectionsubsection super-:more,larger,greater than usual marketsupermarket naturalsupernatural tele-:at or over a long distance;by or for television communicationtelecommunication screentelescreen therm(o)-:concerning heat chemistrythermochemistry meterthermometer trans-: across, on or to the
13、other side of ; between Atlantictransatlantic planttransplant tri-: three; three times angulartriangular cycletricycle ultra-: beyond; very, extremely modernultramodern soundultrasound un-: not certainuncertain fortunateunfortunate under-: too little; below developunderdevelop seaundersea uni-: one,
14、 singer formuniform directionalunidirectional vice-: next in the rank; below chairmanvice-chairman presidentvice-president 2.常用后缀 (1)名词后缀 -ability,-ibility ableability flexibleflexibility -age postpostage shortshortage -al arrivearrival refuserefusal -an,-ian,-arian librarylibrarian musicmusician -a
15、nce,-ence appearappearance referreference -ancy,-ency emergeemergency expectexpectancy -ant,-ent applyapplicant correspondcorrespondent -cy accurateaccuratcy privateprivacy -dom kingkingdom freefreedom -ee employemployee interviewinterviewee -er,-or,-ar paintpainter begbeggar -ery bravebravery slave
16、slavery -ese ChinaChinaese JapanJapanese -ess actoractress waiterwaitress -ful handhandful spoonspoonful -hood childchildhood manmanhood -ics electronelectronics linguistlinguistics -ion,-ition,-ation collectcollection observeobservation -ism MarxMarxism socialistsocialism -ist psychiatrypsychiatris
17、t violinviolinist -ity,-ty cruelcruelty purepurity -ment movemovement retireretirement -ness darkdarkness happyhappiness -ology climateclimatology futurefuturology -ship friendfriendship scholarscholarship -sion,-ssion decidedecision expandexpansion -th growgrowth widewidth -ure closeclosure exposee
18、xposure (2)动词前缀 -en deepdeepen fastfasten -ify classclassify simplesimplify -ize,-ise modernmodernize / modernize popularpopularize / popularize (3)形容词后缀 -able,-ible suitsuitable questionquestionable -al naturenatural structurestructural -an,-arian,-ian suburbsuburban CanadaCanadian -ant,-ent differ
19、different pleasepleasant -ary,-ory adviseadvisory customcustomary -ate considerconsiderate fortunefortunate -en goldgolden woodwooden -ese ChinaChinese JapanJapanese -free carecarefree dutyduty-free -ful carecareful painpainful -ic,-ical atomatomic psychologypsychological -ish girlgirlish childchild
20、ish -ive createcreative supportsupportive -less hopehopeless painpainless -like childchildlike ladyladylike -ly manmanly monthmonthly -ous,-ious dangerdangerous poisonpoisonous -some tiretiresome troubletroublesome -ward downdownward upupward -y guilt-guilty noise-noisy (4)副词后缀 -ly easy-easily heavy
21、-heavily -ward,-wards east-eastward(s) north-northward(s) -wise clock-clockwise other-otherwise 前缀 1, a- 1) 加在单词或词根前面,表示“不,无,非”。 acentric; amoral; 2) 加在单词前,表示“在,的” asleep; aside 2, ab-, abs- 加在词根前,表示“相反,变坏,离去” abnormal,; abuse 3, ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示“一再”等加强意
22、。 accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract 4, ad-加在单词或词根前,表示“做,加强”。 adapt, adopt, adjoin, adjust, adventure 5, amphi- “两个,两种”。 amphibian 6, an-在词根前,表示“不,无”。 anonymous, anarchism 7, ana-表示“错误,在旁边,分开” analogy, analysis 8, ante-表示“前面,先” antedate, anterior, antecedent 9, anti-表示“反对,相反” antiwar, antitank,
23、antibody 10, apo- 表示“离开,远离” apogee 11, auto-“自动,自己” automobile, automatic, autograph 12, be- 1) 构成动词,表示“使成为” befall, befriend, behold 2) 构成介词 beside, behind, below, before, beneath 13, bene-“善,好” benefaction, benediction, beneficent 14, bi-表示“两个” biweekly, bilingual, biennial, 15, by-“在旁边,副的” byroad
24、, byway, bywork 16, circum-“环绕,周围” 17, co-表示“共同”,通常方在元音词根前。 Coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide 18, col-, cor-在同辅音词根前,表示“共同”。 collapse, colleague, collect 19, com-, con- “共同” combine, compassion, commotion, 20,contra-表示“反对,相反” contrary, contradict, contravene, 21,counter-表示“反对,相反” counteract, co
25、unterbalance, 22,de- 表示“去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下”等 destruction, demobilize. desalt 表示“使成为,加强”等 depict 表示“两个,双” dichromatic, dioxide 表示“使变成,分开,离开” digest 24,dia- 表示“穿过,二者之间” dialogue, diameter 25,dif- 和辅音重复表示“不,否定,分开” differ, difference, diffident 26,dis- 表示“不,消失掉” dislike, disorder, dishonest 表示“分开,分离” dispar
26、t, disseminate, dispense 27,dys-表示“坏,不良” dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunction 28,e-,ef- 表示“出,出来” evaluate, elongate, elaborate 29,em-,en- 表示“进入之中,包围” embrace, embed, empathy 表示“使进入状态” empower, embitter, embody 30,epi-表示“在上,在周围,在后面” epidermal, epidemic, epigram 31,eu-表示“好,优秀” eulogize, euphemism, euphoni
27、ous 32,ex- 表示“出,出去” export, exclude, expel 表示“前面的,前任的” ex-wife, ex-president, 33,exo-表示“外部的,外面” exogamy, exotic 34,extra-表示“以外的,超过的” extracurriculum, extraordinary, 35,fore-表示“前面,预先” foresee, forehead, forestall 36,hetero-表示“异类,异种” heterosexual, heterodoxy, 37,homo-表示“同类的” homogeneous, homonym 38,hy
28、per-表示“超过,太多” hyperactive, hypersensitive, 39,hypo-表示“下面,次等” hypodermic, hypocrisy, hypocrite 40,il-, ir- 放在同辅音词根前表示“不,无” illegal, illiterate, illogical, 表示“使成为,进入” illustrate, illuminate, illusion, 41,im-,in- 表示“不,无,非” impossible, immoral, impolite, 表示“向内,进入” import, imprison, immigrate 42,inter-表示“在之间,相互” international, interpersonal, 43,intro-表示“向内,入内” introduce, introspect, introvert 44,macro-表示“宏伟,大” macroworld, macrostructure, 45,mal-表示“坏,恶”(亦作male) malcontent, malpractice ,malnutrition 46,micro-表示“微,小” 精心搜集整理,只为你的需要
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