1、中学生英语学习常见错误一览表中学生英语学习常见错误一览表-AA a 误 I think it is an useful English dictionary. 正 I think it is a useful English dictionary. 析 在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是:an用在以元音开头的词之前;而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前。要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词,如useful,university等,其第一个音标是j,所以要特别予以注意。 误 I need a hour to finish this letter. 正 I need an hour to finish
2、this letter. 析 要注意hour和honest的第一个字母不发音。 误 My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man. 正 My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man. 析 要注意以u打头的单词,它的发音为 时,单数名词前要用an,如uncle等。误 There is a f in the word football. 正 There is an f in the word football. 析 英文字母单独使用时,如其第一个发音是元音时,其前面的不
3、定冠词应该用an而不是a. 误 I have a little brother. He is a 8 year old boy. 正 I have a little brother. He is an 8 year old boy. 析 要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音,如eight, eleven等。 able 误 This bike is able to be repaired. 正 This bike can be repaired. 析 be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为有本领、有能力、可以作某事,如:Im able to swim across th
4、is river. 而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:This radio can be repaired here. about 误 This class is about to begin just now. 正 This class is about to begin. 析 要注意be about to 是将要的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外,be about to 一般用作书面语,对应的口语是be going to. about on about与on都可以作关于讲,但却有所不同,例如:This book is about physics. 应
5、译为这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。而:This book is on physics.则应译为这是一本物理学方面的专著。 above 误 The temperature is five degrees over zero. 正 The temperature is five degrees above zero. 析 表达在上方时,above与over是可以互换的,如:The sky is above(or over)our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over,如:The sun has risen above the horizon. 误 There
6、is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer. 正 There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer. 析 当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over而不能用above. 误 There is a bridge above the river. 正 There is a bridge over the river. 析 用来表达从上方越过时不能用above只能用over,如:The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is wate
7、rfall above the bridge. 则应译为在桥的上游有一个瀑布。 across 误 He ran across the wood. 正 He ran through the wood. 析 across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如:The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.across across的主要用法有两个。其一,意为对面,如:There is a school just across the street. 其二,意为横过,如:
8、He walked across the street. afraid 误 I dontt afraid of him. 正 I am not afraid of him. 析 要注意害怕afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词连用。 after 误 Two weeks after he left. 正 Two weeks later he left. 正 He left after two weeks. 析 要表达在多少时间之后,英语中有两种表达法,即:用later时,要时间在前,如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后,如after three
9、hours. 误 My father will be back after a few hours. 正 My father will be back in a few hours. 析 受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如:This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的。 after behind after多用于表示顺序的前后,如:She walked in th
10、e line after Tom. 或用来表示追赶,表示一种动态,如:He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于强调先进与落后,如:She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达迟于,如:The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用,如:She hid herself behind the flowers. afternoon 误 He worked very hard in a hot afternoon. 正 He worked very
11、hard on a hot afternoon. 析 习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如:He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如:Are you free on Sunday afternoon? against 误 He against me. 正 He is against me. 析 要注意against意为反对,但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如:He is against someb
12、ody/something. against for against意为反对、不赞成;而for则意为同意,为其反意词。如:Are you for or against the plan? age 误 He is twenty years old of age. 正 He is twenty. 正 He is twenty years old. 正 He is at the age of twenty. ago 误 Toms father has been dead five years ago. 正 Toms father died five years ago. 析 ago意为由说话时算起,
13、若干时间以前。它只能和一般动词过去时连用,而不要与完成时连用。 误 Yesterday I met a friend. We didnt see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago. 正 Yesterday I met a friend. We hadnt seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago. 析 要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中,只是从句应用过去时,但不
14、影响主句的时态。 agree 误 Does the teacher agree to us? 正 Does the teacher agree with us? 误 Does he agree with our plan? 正 Does he agree with us? 析 agree with 指同意某人的提议、建议、计划等。如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agree to, 如:Do you agree to the plan? all 误 The old man has two sons. All of them are workers. 正 The old man has two sons
15、. Both of them are workers. 析 all是指三者或以上的全部,而both则是指两者都。 误 The all children are playing football now. 正 All the children are playing football now. 析 all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前,不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词,或代词的所有格。 误 You all are right. 正 You are all right. 析 all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后,实意动词之前,如:The teachers all work
16、hard. 或用于第一助动词之后,如:The boys have all been waiting for their mothers. almost 误 Nearly nobody thinks he is right. 正 Almost nobody thinks he is right. 析 nearly与almost是近意词,其含意差别不大,但是与否定词连用时要用almost, 例如:She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的almost不能用nearly替换。 alone 误 The old man lived lone but he did
17、nt feel lonely. 正 The old man lived alone, but he didnt feel lonely. 析 alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有孤单、孤独之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定语,而alone则只能作表语,lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。 already 误 We are already for the work. 正 We are all ready for the work. 析 already 是副词,其意为已经,如:He already knew about it. 而all ready为形容词意为准备好。 alr
18、eady yet already多用于肯定句中,例如:The students have already finished the work. 而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如:Have you finished it yet? I havent finished it yet. also 误 I didnt find the dictionary also. 正 I didnt find the dictionary either. 析 作为也讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also. also too also与too都可用在肯定句中表示也,但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之
19、后,如:I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。Ill attend his class, too. always 误 Always he asked himself why he had come here. 正 He always asked himself why he had come here. 析 always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后,如:Ive always thought he is honest. 又如:He is always late. among 误 If the three apples are d
20、ivided among the two boys how much will each receive?正 If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?析 among常用于三个事物或人物之间,而between则多用于两者之间。 an 误 This is an useful dictionary. 正 This is a useful dictionary. 析 详见a条。 and 误 He did not speak loudly and clearly. 正 He did n
21、ot speak loudly nor clearly. 误 Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston. 正 Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston. 析 和这一概念在肯定句中应用and,但在否定句中则要用orangry 误 My mother was angry to me. 正 My mother was angry with me. 误 He was angry with what I said. 正 He was angry at what I
22、 said. 析 要注意be angry后面如果接人,表示对某人生气不满时应用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物时要用be angry at something. another 误 I have two sisters, one in America and another in English. 正 I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English. 析 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,现分别说明如下:another
23、作形容词其意为:泛指的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的。一般在句中作定语,如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another还可以作为代词用,如:One student said:I want to play baskball.another said:I want to play football. other作形容词其意为泛指其余的,别的。如:I have other books besides these. 又如:Ask some other people please. the other则为特指,作形容词时其后面
24、可接单数或复数名词,如:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,单数)又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,复数)但当the other作为代词时,它代表的可以是单数,也可以是复数,如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)又如:There are some people in t
25、he room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时,其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定,它可能是单数,也可能是复数。others则只能作代词,其意为other ones即为:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me. answer 误 Someone is kno
26、cking at the door. Please reply the door bell. 正 Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell. 析 answer与reply是近意词,作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的,如:The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer,如:You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as
27、soon as possible. Answer my question in English. any 误 Do you have some questions? 正 Do you have any questions? 析 some一般要用于肯定句,而any则用于否定句或疑问句。 误 China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 正 China is larger than any other country in Asia. 析 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词,但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。 Chi
28、na is larger than any of the other countries in Asia. 误 Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these. 正 Here are some books; you can choose any one of these. 析 anyone只能指人,而any one即可指人 也可以指物。 around 误 The nine planets go around of the sun. 正 The nine planets go around the sun. 析 around后面不要再加介词
29、,如:The sun shines all around us. around round 作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round,例如:You can see the post office round/around that corner. (绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处:round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词;而around只能用作副词或介词。例如:The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round fac
30、e (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词) arrive 误 I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday. 正 I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday. 正 I reached Beijing the day before yesterday. 误 He arrived in the school at 1100. 正 He arrived at the school at 1100. 析 arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village. arrive reach get arrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词,作到达讲时其后面多与to连用。如:When did you get to New York? as 误 This man works in the bank for a
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