初中英语语法介词.docx

1、初中英语语法介词 初中英语语法介词介词在英文中是一种虚词，在英语里面的使用频率非常高。下面是 为你整理的初中英语的介词语法，希望大家喜欢!初中英语的介词语法(一)表示时间的介词：1.at, in ，on(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”(2)in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。in September in winter in 1999 in the 20th centuryin the morning/afternoon/evening(3)on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/e

2、vening, at night;但若指具体某一天的上述时段时，则一律用on。on Monday on April 1stOn the afternoon of May 23.2.from, since, for(1) from表示“等时间的起点”。You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什幺时间来都行。The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。(2) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”He has been away from home since 1

3、973. 他自从1973年就离开了家乡。We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。(3) for 与since表示一段时间，但for与时间段连用，而since与时间点连用。for two hours since last week3.after, in, within(1) after表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词。We’ll hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我们将举办晚会。He got a cancer and died after a year

4、. 他患了癌症，一年后去世了(2) within“在……时间之内”I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。(3) in 后面接过去的时间点表过去，若后面接一段时间，则表示“在……时间之后”I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。My father will come back in three days.我爸爸将会在3天后回来。(二)表示“地点、方向”的介词：1.In, outside between, among(1) in表示“在……里面”

5、，如：What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么?She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。(2) outside指“在……外面”There are many people outside the room. 房间外有很多人。What did your see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么?(3) between在……之间(指二者)There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在宾馆与

6、邮局之间有所医院。The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。among在……之间(指三者以上)“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd. 警察向人群喊道：“你们中间有个小偷!He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。2.on, above, over, below, under(1) on在……上

7、面，表面相互接触。There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。(2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，与below相对。A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。(3) over“在……正上方”，与under相对。There is a bridg

8、e over the river. 河上有一座桥。The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。(4) below在……下方，低于……There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子刚到膝盖下。(5) under在……正下方They sat under a big tree, drinking. 他们坐在一棵大树

9、下喝酒。What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?3.near, by, beside(1) near在……附近，与far相对A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。My home is near he school. 我的家离学校很近。(2) by = beside,靠近，在……旁边，比near距离更近He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。H

10、e lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。4.in front of, in the front of , behind, around(1) in front of在……前面 , in the front of表示“在……前部”，指里面。A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他们在门前放了一束花。There is a red chair in the

11、front of the room.在房间前半部有把红椅子。(2) behind在……后面588.esA high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。(3) around在……周围，围绕There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。5.along, across,

12、through(1) along沿着He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有着各种美丽的花。(2) across横穿The little girl is afraid to go across the street.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。(3) through穿过It took us t

13、en minutes to drive through the tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他从人群里挤到了站台。6.at, in二者都表示“在某个地方”，但at多指较小的地方，如车站、家等，而in多指在“大地方”，如城市、国家、大洲等。(但大小有时也是相对的)。He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飞

14、机将于13点到达北京。英语介词口诀详解1早、午、晚要用 in例：in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天2at 黎明、午、夜、点与分例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候at noon 在中午at night 在夜间at midnight 在午夜以上短语都不用冠词at six o'clock 在6点钟at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半at half past eleven 在11点半at nine fifteen 在9点15 分at ten thi

15、rty a.m. 在上午10点30分也可以写成 seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)five minutes after two 2点过5分at a quarter to two 1点45分at the weekend 在周末3年、月、年月、季节、周即在“某年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某日则用 on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用 in。例：in 1986 在1986 年in 1927 在1927 年in April 在四月in March 在三月in December, 1986 1986年12月in July, l983 1983年7月in spring 在

16、春季 in summer 在夏季in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周in the third week 在第三周4阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用 in。例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。They are sitting in the shade of a tr

17、ee. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛。以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女in uniform 穿着制服in mourn

18、ing 穿着丧服in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫5将来时态 in … 以后例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)After … (从过去开始)6小处 at 大处 in例：Li and I

19、 arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry.李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 in例：The wor

20、kers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)“Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是;出好戏。(无形)The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法

21、;无形)I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed.我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用 in)I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用 in )The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.长度是以米、公

22、里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。7特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用 in特征或状态：例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。Many who came in despair went away in hope.

23、许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣服穿破了。His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。8还有一些短语也用 in，如：in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spi

24、te 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。The campaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。方面：例：We accepted th

25、e item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。方式：例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。The Pa

26、rty has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。9如下成语惯用 in例：in all 总计in advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place 适当地in hopes of(或 in the hope of) 怀着……希望10“介词 at、to 表方向，攻击、位置、善恶、分”介词 at 和 to 都可以表示方向; 用 at 表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意;用to 表示方向时，突出运动

27、的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：1. A.She came at me. 她向我扑过来。B.She came to me. 她向我走过来。2.A.Jake ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去。B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。4.A.He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。B. He shouted to

28、the old man. 他大声向那老人说。5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。6.A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。B.She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.7.A.She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。B.She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。8.A.He present

29、ed a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。B.He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。常用介词的用法1. 在…的前面in front of (范围外的前面)in the front of (在范围内的前面)There is a river _ my house.我家前面有一条河。There is a blackboard _ our classroom .教室前面有一块黑板。2.在树上on the tree 强调树上长出的东西 (苹果，橘子)in the tree 外来物体(人，鸟，风筝)There are some birds _

30、 the tree.树上有一些鸟。There are some apples _ the tree.树上有一些苹果。3.时间表达：in + 某月 / 某季节 / 某年 (时间长)on + 某天 (中)at + 具体几点几分 (短)固定短语： in the morning / afternoon / eveningat night, at noon练习： _January , _ summer, _ 2014_ Sunday, _ March 4th, _ March_ _ Sunday morning,_ the morning_ the morning of June 5th_ 6:30,

31、_ night, _ noon4.在墙上on the wall在墙壁表面 (相片photo，图画picture)in the wall在墙壁的里面 (门door, 窗户window )(1)There is a photo of my family_ the wall.(2)There are two doors _ the wall.5. 在…之上on： 在…的表面之上(物体之间有接触)over: 在…的正上方(物体没有接触)above 高于.;在.之上”，多指在相对较高位置(1)There is a book _ the desk.书桌上有一本书。(2)There is a bridge _ the river.河上有一座桥。(3)The plane flies _the clouds(云).飞机在云层上飞行。6.地点表