中考被动语态考点解读.docx

1、中考被动语态考点解读中考“被动语态”考点解读动词的被动语态是中学英语语法的一个重要语法内容，是历届中考英语试题命题的重点和热点，同时也是学生掌握的难点和易错点。因此希望同学们能认真结合解读，仔细把握被动语态的学习要领，结合2011最新中考真题，做到融会贯通，举一反三。【解读一】考查被动语态的概念和构成1、解答被动语态题目时，首先要判断主语和动作的关系。当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它有两种不同的关系：主动关系和被动关系。表示主语是谓语动词的执行者时，用主动语态；表示主语是谓语动词的承受者时，用被动语态。如：A lot of people speak English in China. 在中国，许

2、多人说英语。（主动语态）English is spoken by a lot of people in China. 在中国，英语被许多人说。（被动语态）2、被动语态的构成。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。【解读二】被动语态的用法1、当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，可省略by引起的短语。如：Mr. Black hasnt been told to attend the important meeting. 没有人通知布莱克先生参加这次重要的会议。2、当需要强调或突出动作

3、的承受者时，用被动语态。若在突出动作承受者时，如想同时指出动作的执行者，通常用“介词by（被）+动词执行者（宾语）”。如：These new tall buildings are being built by the workers at the moment. 这些新楼正在由工人们建造。3、由于文章修辞的需要，运用由by引起的短语，以求使句子更加简练和匀称。如：The plan was especially supported by the consumers.这项计划深受消费者的支持。4、当动作的执行者不表示人时，常用被动语态。如：We were shocked to hear the n

4、ews that the terrorists attacked the World Trade Center in New York. 听到恐怖分子袭击了纽约的世界贸易中心大楼的消息后，我们都很震惊。5、出于礼貌托辞等原因不愿说出动作的执行者时，也常用被动语态。如：You are invited to the party at eight tomorrow. 你被邀请参加明天8点的晚会。 【解读三】考查各种时态的被动语态各地中考被动语态试题对时态考查主要集中在对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时中去进行，在这些时态中出现的频率较高。1、 一般现在时一般现在时的被动语态表示经常性、

5、习惯性的被动动作，其基本结构为：am/is/are+done(及物动词的过去分词)，常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every morning(day, week, month, year), once a day, on Sundays等时间状语连用。如：Many trees and flowers _ in our city every year. (2011,广西桂林)A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plants 【解析】本句题意为：每年，在我们城市栽种许多树和花儿。由句中的every y

6、ear以及主语trees and flowers和动词plant之间的被动关系可知，要用一般现在时的被动语态，故答案选B。【链接中考】( ) 1. He likes reading very much. Most of his money _ on books. (2011,贵州毕节) A. is spent B. spend C. spends D. are spent ( ) 2. The Spring Festival _ in January or February. (2011,河北) A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. celebrated D. w

7、as celebrated ( ) 3. Computers _ widely in our daily life. (2011,四川宜宾) A. use B. used C. were used D. are used ( ) 4. Your donation _ and the money will be used to help the students from poor families. (2011,山东青岛) A. is greatly appreciating B. appreciates C. has appreciated D. is greatly appreciated

8、 ( ) 5. Soft drinks _ to children for free in some restaurants on Childrens Day. (2011,河南) A. offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered ( ) 6. Chinese _ by the largest number of people. (2011,湖南长沙) A. is speaking B. speak C. speaks D. is spoken 7. We _(ask) to help our parents do some

9、housework every day. (2011,江苏宿迁) 2、一般过去时 一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时刻的被动动作，其基本结构为：was/were+done(及物动词的过去分词)，常与yesterday, the day before yesterday, ago, last(last week, last month), in 2008,just now, once upon a time, the other day等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： Who is the little girl in the picture?Its me. The picture _ 10 ye

10、ars ago. (2011,山东威海) A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken 【解析】本题句意为：这幅照片是10年前拍的。因句中的主语the picture和动词谓语take之间存在是被动关系，因此要用被动语态，同时出现表示过去的时间状语10 years ago，因此正确答案为D。【链接中考】( ) 8. There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _. (2011,浙江宁波) A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were save

11、d ( ) 9. Im glad to find that many trees _ in our city last year. (2011,重庆) A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted ( ) 10. China has offered much help to Japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami(海啸).(2011,山东济宁) A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit ( ) 11.What happened to Bil

12、ly?He _ because of his drink-driving. (2011,江西)A. is caught B. has caught C. was caught D. had caught 12. Last Friday afternoon the young man _(hurt) in the traffic accident which happened on the highway. (2011,江苏无锡) 3、一般将来时 一般将来时的被动语态表示将来某一时刻的被动性动作，其基本结构为：will be+done(及物动词的过去分词)，常与将来时态连用的时间状语有：tomo

13、rrow, next week(month, year), in the future, in+段时间, in 2020等。如： Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in Guiyang this September. (2011,贵州贵阳)A. will hold B. will be held C. will be hold 【解析】本句句意为：我们非常高兴的知道今年九月在贵阳要举行一届出色的运动会。因句中出现表示将来意义的时间this September, 结合主语a great sports meeting与动词ho

14、ld表示被动意义，因此正确答案为B。【链接中考】( ) 13. Dont worry. Your package _ here until you come back , so enjoy shopping here. (2011,安徽) A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept ( ) 14. Each time tourists travel to Beijing, they _ the Forbidden City. (2011,山东青岛) A. will be shown up B. will be shown

15、around C. will show around D. will show to 15. 我们每个人都感到自豪的是首届中国亚欧博览会将于2011年9月1日在乌鲁木齐举行。 (2011,新疆乌鲁木齐) Everyone of us is proud of ourselves because the first China Eurasia Expo will _ _ in Urumqi on September 1st, 2011. 4、现在完成时 现在完成时的被动语态表示到目前为止已经完成的某个被动动作，其基本结构为：助动词have/has+done, 常与already, just, ye

16、t, ever, never, once, twice, recently, so far, these days, in the past few days(weeks, months, years)等标志词连用。如： So far this year, many new houses _ in Wenchuan with the help of the government. (2011,资阳) A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built 【解析】本句句意为：今年迄今为止，在政府的帮助下，在汶川已经建造了许多新房子。因句中的

17、主语houses与动词build构成被动关系，同时又出现现在完成时的标志词so far, 故正确答案为D。【解读四】考查情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态常表示具有特定感情色彩的被动性动作，其基本结构为：情态动词(can/ may/ must/ should等)+be+done。如： Today a lot of information can _ online. (2011,天津) A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving 【解析】依据句意可知，“今天在网上许多信息能被收到。”因此应用含有情态动词can的被动语态，所以

18、正确答案为B。【链接中考】( ) 16. Food safety is important. Rules _ to stop people from food pollution. (2011,浙江嘉兴) A. must make B. must be made C. cant make D. cant be made ( ) 17. Must we clean the classroom now?No, you neednt. It _ after school. (2011,浙江金华)A. may clean B. must clean C. need be cleaned D. can

19、be cleaned 18. Food can not _(keep) properly in a fridge at an unsuitable temperature. (2011,江苏无锡)19.What should we do about the trash?It _(必须带走) when you leave. (take) (2011,湖北荆州)20. Food must be _(保存) in cool places in summer. (2011,贵州毕节)21. 我们的作业必须准时交上。(2011,江苏苏州) _ 【解读五】考查被动语态的一些特殊结构1、考查含有双宾语的被动

20、语态。直接宾语（物）作主语时，必须在在间接宾语（人）的前面加上介词to或for。动词give, show, lend, pass, send, bring等与to搭配；动词buy, make与介词for搭配。如：My father bought me a new bicycle. A new bicycle was bought for me by my father. 我的父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。2、考查含复合宾语的被动语态。宾语补足语保留不变，不能变成被动语态。如：Her mother told us not to go to bed late and get up early. We

21、were told not to go to bed late and get up early by her mother. 她的妈妈告诉我们不要晚睡早起。3、考查make/let/have/see/watch/hear sb. do的被动语态。在被动语态中，必须将do前面原先省略的to还原。如：The boss made the workers work all day The workers were made to work by the boss all day. 老板使得工人整天工作。4、考查含有动词短语的被动语态。以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

22、如：The boy picks up some rubbish every day .Some rubbish is picked up by the boy every day. 这个男孩每天捡拾垃圾。5、考查动词sell, write, read, wash, cook, clean, be worth doing(值得)等常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：That kind of sweater sells well. 那种式样的毛衣买得很好。The movie is well worth seeing. 这部电影很值得一看。6、考查感官动词look(看上去), taste(尝起来), fe

23、el(感觉，摸上去), smell(闻起来), sound(听起来)作系动词时，用主动结构表示被动意义。如：This piece of music sounds beautiful. 这首音乐听起来优美。The cookies taste good. Could I have some more? 小甜饼尝起来可口，我可以再要一些好吗？【链接中考】( ) 22. In many places in China, the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government. (2011,甘肃兰州) A. is tak

24、ing good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care 23. Tim was seen _(get) out of the subway at the station on Centre Street. (2011,山东烟台)Keys: 15 ABDDC 610 D, are asked, DCC 1115 C, was hurt, CB, be held 1620 BD, be kept, must be taken away, kept 2123 Our homework must be handed in on time, B, to get