金融经济专业词汇术语大全.docx

1、金融经济专业词汇术语大全经济金融术语汉英对照表A 安全网safety net按可比口径on comparable basis按轻重缓急to prioritize暗补implicit subsidy暗亏hidden lossB颁发营业执照to license;to grant a licence to 办理存款业务to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmersincentive to produce备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyac

2、counts本外币对冲操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest;departmentalism奔小康to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避税（请见“逃税”）tax avoidance币种搭配不当currency mismatch币种构成currency composition变相社会集资disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items（operation）薄弱环节weakne

3、sses;loopholes不变成本fixed cost不变价at constant price;in real terms不动产real estate不良贷款（资产）problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C财务公司finance companies财政赤字fiscal deficit财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法in a ph

4、ased and sequenced manner操作弹性operational flexibility操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate产品构成product composition;product mix产品积压stock pile;excessive inventory产销率current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio产销衔接marketability产业政策industrial policy长期国债treasury bonds敞口头寸open position炒股to speculate i

5、n the stock market承购包销underwrite（securities）成套机电产品complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s）城市信用社urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商业银行municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growth in household income持续升温persistent overheating重复布点duplicate p

6、rojects重置成本replacement cost重组计划restructuring plan筹资渠道funding sources;financing channels初见成效initial success出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports出口退税export tax rebate储蓄存款household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）储蓄分流diversion of household deposits储源萎缩decline in the availability of house

7、hold savings传导机制transmission mechanism从价税ad valorem tax从紧控制tight control存贷款比例loan/deposit ratio存款保险体系deposit insurance system存款货币银行deposit money banks存款准备金required reservesD打白条issue IOU大额存单certificate of deposit（CD）大额提现withdraw deposits in large amounts大面积滑坡wide-spread decline大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mon

8、o-bank system呆账（请见“坏账”）bad loans呆账准备金loan loss reserves（provisions）呆滞贷款idle loans贷款沉淀non-performing loans贷款分类loan classification贷款限额管理credit control;to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理国库to act as fiscal agent代理金融机构贷款make loans on behalf of other institutions戴帽贷款e

9、ar-marked loans倒逼机制reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德风险moral hazard地区差别regional disparity第一产业the primary industry第二产业the secondary industry第三产业the service industry;the tertiary industry递延资产deferrable assets订货不足insufficient orders定期存款time deposits定向募集raising funds f

10、rom targeted sources东道国（请见“母国”）host country独立核算independent accounting短期国债treasury bills对冲操作sterilization operation;hedging对非金融部门债权claims on non-financial sector多种所有制形式diversified ownershipE恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation二级市场secondary marketF发行货币to issue currency发行总股本total stock issue法定准备金required reserves;rese

11、rve requirement法人股institutional shares法人股东institutional shareholders法治rule of law房地产投资real estate investment放松银根to ease monetary policy非现场稽核off-site surveillance（or monitoring）非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构non-profit organizations分税制assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment

12、system分业经营segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露（风险敞口）risk exposure风险管理risk management风险意识risk awareness风险资本比例risk-weighted capital ratios风险资本标准risk-based capital standard服务事业收入public service charges;users charges扶贫pover

13、ty alleviation负增长negative growth复式预算制double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG改革试点reform experimentation杠杆率leverage ratio杠杆收购leveraged buyout高息集资to raise funds by offering high interest个人股non-institutional shares根本扭转fundamental turnaround（or reversal）公开市场操作open market operations公

14、款私存deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业public utilities公有经济the state-owned sector;the public sector公有制public ownership工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值industrial value added供大于求supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施incentives股份合作企业joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业joint-equity e

15、nterprises股份制银行joint-equity banks固定资产贷款fixed asset loans关税减免tariff reduction and exemption关税减让tariff concessions关税优惠tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment规行为to regularize（or standardize）behavior规模效益economies of scale国计民生national interest and peoples livelihood国家对个人其他支出other government outla

16、ys to individuals国家风险country risk国际分工international division of labor国际收支balance of payments国有独资商业银行wholly state-owned commercial banks国有经济（部门）the state-owned（or public）sector国有企业state-owned enterprises（SOEs）国有制state-ownership国有资产流失erosion of state assets国债回购government securities repurchase国债一级自营商pri

17、mary underwriters of government securities过度竞争excessive competition过度膨胀excessive expansion过热迹象signs of overheatingH合理预期rational expectation核心资本core capital合资企业joint-venture enterprises红利dividend宏观经济运营良好sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控macroeconomic management（or a

18、djustment）宏观调控目标macroeconomic objectives（or targets）坏账bad debt还本付息debt service换汇成本unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings汇兑在途funds in float汇兑支出advance payment of remittance by the beneficiarys bank汇率并轨unification of exchange rates活期存款demand deposits汇率失调exchange rate misalignment混合所有制

19、diversified（mixed）ownership货币政策态势monetary policy stance货款拖欠overdue obligations to suppliersJ基本建设投资investment in infrastructure基本经济要素economic fundamentals基本适度broadly appropriate基准利率benchmark interest rate机关团体存款deposits of non-profit institutions机会成本opportunity cost激励机制incentive mechanism积压严重heavy sto

20、ckpile;excessive inventory挤提存款run on banks挤占挪用unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）技改投资investment in technological upgrading技术密集型产品technology-intensive product计划单列市municipalities with independent planning status计划经济planned economy集体经济the collective sector加大结构调整力度to inten

21、sify structural adjustment加工贸易processing trade加快态势accelerating trend加强税收征管稽查to enhance tax administration加权价weighted average price价格放开price liberalization价格形成机制pricing mechanism减亏to reduce losses简化手续to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures交投活跃brisk trading缴存准备金to deposit required reserves结构

22、扭曲structural distortion结构失调structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance结构优化structural improvement（optimization）结汇、售汇sale and purchase of foreign exchange金融脆弱financial fragility金融动荡financial turbulence金融风波financial disturbance金融恐慌financial panic金融危机financial crisis金融压抑financial repression金融衍

23、生物financial derivatives金融诈骗financial fraud紧缩银根to tighten monetary policy紧缩政策austerity policies;tight financial policies经常账户可兑换current account convertibility经济特区special economic zones（SEZs）经济体制改革economic reform经济增长方式的转变change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficien

24、cy gains）经济增长减速economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth经济制裁economic sanction经营自主权autonomy in management景气回升recovery in business activity 境外投资overseas investment竞争加剧intensifying competition局部性金融风波localized（isolated）financial disturbanceK开办人民币业务to engage in RMB business可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainable e

25、conomic growth可变成本variable cost可自由兑换货币freely convertible currency控制现金投放control currency issuance扣除物价因素in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis库存产品inventory跨国银行业务cross-border banking跨年度采购cross-year procurement会计准则accounting standardL来料加工processing of imported materials for export离岸银行业务off-shore bank

26、ing（business）理顺外贸体制to rationalize foreign trade regime利率杠杆的调节作用the role of interest rates in resource allocation利润驱动profit-driven利息回收率interest collection ratio联行清算inter-bank settlement连锁企业franchise（businesses）;chain businesses良性循环virtuous cycle两极分化growing income disparity;polarization in income dist

27、ribution零售物价指数retail price index（RPI）流动性比例liquidity ratio流动资产周转率/流通速度velocity of liquid assets流动资金贷款working capital loans流通体制distribution system流通网络distribution network留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）hire purchase垄断行业monopolized industry（sector）乱集资irregular（illegal）fund raising乱收费irregular（illegal）charges乱摊派unjus

28、tified（arbitrary）leviesM买方市场buyers market卖方市场sellers market卖出回购证券matched sale of repo贸易差额trade balance民间信用non-institutionalized credit免二减三exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years明补explicit subsidy明亏explicit loss名牌产品brand produ

29、cts母国（请见“东道国”）home countryN部控制internal control部审计internal audit地与the mainland and Hong Kong债domestic debt扭亏为盈to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配distorted allocation of financial resources农副产品采购支出outlays for agricultural procurement农村信用社rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）P泡沫效应bubble effect泡沫经济bubble economy培育新的经济增长点to tap new sources of econ