版高考英语新增分大一轮人教全国版讲义+练习Book 8 Unit 5 含答案.docx

1、版高考英语新增分大一轮人教全国版讲义+练习Book 8 Unit 5 含答案基础知识默写(学生用书303304页)1.starvation n.挨饿；饿死starve vt.使挨饿；使饿死2.accuracy n.精确；准确accurate adj.精确的；准确的3.interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n.打断；中止4.assume vt.假定；设想assumption n.假定；设想assuming conj.假设5.sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰sharpener n.磨具；削具6.messy adj.凌乱的；

2、脏的mess n.混乱；一团糟7.analysis n.分析analyze vt.分析；分解8.somehow adv.以方式；不知怎么地9.album n.相册；集邮册；唱片10.division n.分割；划分；分配；分界线divide vt.划分；分开11.applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏applause n.鼓掌欢迎；喝彩；称赞12.arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n.逮捕；拘留13.gay adj.快乐的；欢快的gaily adv.快乐地；轻松地14.skillful/skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的skill n.技巧；技能15.dizzy adj.头晕目眩的

3、；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的16.spit vt.吐出(唾液、食物等) vi.吐痰17.scratch n.(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠 vt.搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏18.acute adj.有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的19.beast n.野兽20.primitive adj.原始的；远古的；简陋的21.category n.种类；类别；范畴22.delete vt.删；删除23.punctuation n. 标点符号24.ripen vt.& vi.使成熟；成熟ripe adj.成熟的25.significance n.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义significant adj.重要的；有

4、意义的26.accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进acceleration n.加速；促进27.alternative n.可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的28.show.round/around带(某人)参观29.regardless of不管；不顾30.keep out.阻止进入；(使)留在外面31.at most至多；最多32.cut up切碎；使伤心33.be aware of意识到34.fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦35.look ahead向前看；为将来打算36.with relief欣慰地；如释重负地37.date back (to.)追溯到；始于38.W

5、e have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick，which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。39.Yes，indeed，as the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.是的，很对。正如植物学家

6、的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾是一个很大浅水湖的一部分。40.Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。基础知识夯实.语境填词1.In primitive(原始的) society man went without shoes or clothing.2.Im afraid I have no alternative(可能的选择) but to ask you to leave.3.I enjoyed stud

7、ying different kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the latest music albums(唱片).(2017全国)4.There are even security guards there who can arrest(逮捕) people that break the rules.(2018四川广安三模)5.I know what were doing is legal，but somehow(不知怎么地) it doesnt feel right.6.Going without sle

8、ep for a long time makes me feel dizzy(眩晕的) and light-headed.7.The program started again after a two-year interruption(interrupt).8.She doesnt know how to tidy up the messy(mess) room.9.No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause (applaud).10.It was a r

9、ace against time to stop people dying from starvation(starve).11.When crops ripen or when the sun ripens them，they become ripe.(ripe)12.Many parents opposed the division(divide) of the classes into different sets.13.The engineer in particular must be able to communicate his ideas to others rapidly a

10、nd accurately(accuracy).14.She looked at him across the table and gave him a significant(significance) smile.15.The company is cutting production costs in an attempt to sharpen(sharp) its competitive edge.选词成篇An old tomb was discovered in my hometown.Local people believe it has a history of 1.at mos

11、t 200 years.But experts said that it can 2.date back to Ming Dynasty.Everyone has been aware of its significance.In order to protect the old tomb，local people are 3.kept out.Yesterday，our class visited the history museum in our city 4.regardless of the hot weather.The announcer 5.showed us round the

12、 museum and we saw an old stone which was said to be a scraper used by our ancestors to 6.cut up the meat.When we were told its use，we 7.were aware of our ancestors wisdom.However，our ancestors were 8.fed up with their lifestyles，so they had to 9.look ahead.完成句子1.When he woke up，he realized that som

13、eone must have entered his room at night.(must have done)当他醒来时，他意识到晚上肯定有人进了他的房间。2.After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it was being decorated.(only to do)放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。3.As is reported，a foreign delegation will visit the city.(as)据报道，一个外国代表团将参观

14、这座城市。4.He had just entered the classroom when the bell rang.(had just done.when.)他刚走进教室，这时铃声响了。1.以后缀-en结尾的动词(1)sharpen(使)锋利(2)ripen使成熟(3)deepen变深(4)strengthen加强(5)darken使变暗2.以-tive结尾的名词(1)alternative可能的选择(2)native当地人(3)objective目标(4)relative亲属(5)detective侦探3.“介词n.”构成具有副词意义的短语(1)with relief欣慰地(2)with

15、 ease容易地(3)with care/caution小心地(4)in surprise奇怪地(5)in particular特别地4.at短语汇总(1)at most至多(2)at least至少(3)at best顶多；充其量(4)at latest最迟(5)at worst在最坏情况下alternative n.可供选择的事物；可能的选择adj.可供选择的；其他的；非传统的，另类的an alternative to.的替代品have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的

16、选择There is no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事。(1)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But alternative explanations are hard to find.(2017江苏)恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞，但也难以找到别的解释。(2)You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，任你选择

17、。(3)同义句改写We can not choose but take immediate action to stop pollution.(用alternative改写)For us，there is no alternative but to take immediate action to stop pollution.易错点拨(1)the alternative后可接介词to或of，接to表示代替；接of表同位关系。(2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达方式：do nothing but do sth.，have nothing to do but do sth.，have no c

18、hoice but to do sth.，can not choose but do sth.。 (1)interrupt.with.因打断be interrupted by被打断(2)interruption n.打扰；插嘴；障碍物without interruption连续地；不断地(1)I am not accustomed to being interrupted(interrupt) when studying or working，so please remember this and dont do it again.(2)Lets go somewhere we can tal

19、k without interruption(连续地). (1)assume sb./sth.to be.认为某人(事)是It is assumed that.人们认为(2)assumption n.假定；设想；担任on the assumption that.假定(3)assuming (that).假设(引导条件状语从句)(1)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) youve made.(2018江苏)句式升级(2)If there wasnt the h

20、ard work of the dustman，what can you imagine our environment will be like？(用assuming that.改写)Assuming that there wasnt the hard work of the dustman，what can you imagine our environment will be like?(3)People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写)It is assumed that

21、 what people do has little effect on the environment. 易错点拨在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类单词有：(1)supposing conj.假设；如果；(2)provided/providing conj.假设；如果；(3)given prep.鉴于；考虑到；(4)considering prep.& conj.鉴于；考虑到；(5)concerning prep.关于；(6)including prep.包括；包含 (1)regardless of后可接whether，what等引导的从句(2)

22、despite/in spite of尽管(但是)(3)as regards/with regard to关于；至于(1)Our club is open to everyone regardless of age，sex or educational background.我们的俱乐部对任何人都开放，无论年龄、性别或教育背景。(2)They had a wonderful holiday，despite/in spite of the bad weather.尽管天气不好， 他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。(3)I have no complaints as regards/with regar

23、d to his work.关于他的工作，我没有什么好抱怨的。 feed on以为食feed.on.用喂feed.with.供给，提供feed食物to.用某物喂养(1)Owls feed on mice and other small animals.(2)Please feed some grass to the cow.句式升级(3)She is fed up with his lies，so she wont believe in him any longer.(用形容词短语作状语改写)Fed up with his lies，she wont believe in him any lo

24、nger. 图解助记联想发散其他表示“受够了，厌烦”的短语：be bored with，be tired of，be sick of。 out of date (out-of-date)过时的，过期的up to date (up-to-date)最新的(1)I became a member of the company dating(date) back to 1925.(2)Suddenly she felt old and out of date(过时的). (3)This building dates back to/dates from(追溯到)1823.易错点拨(1)date ba

25、ck to/date from追溯到，不能用于被动语态和过去时，多用于现在时。(2)out of date/up to date作表语；out-of-date/up-to-date作定语。Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。only to do.不料，反而，结果却，是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况，且多为不愉快的结果，有时前面也可不加only；而现在分词短语作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。(1)I a

26、rrived at the shop only to find Id left all my money at home.我到了商店却发现钱全落在家了。(2)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，turning(turn) the old town into a dreamland.(2016北京)新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。.单句语法填空1.As we had expected，he succeeded in the end.2.It is very annoying to be interrupted(in

27、terrupt) by advertisement at intervals.3.He hurried to the airport only to be told(tell) that the film star had left.4.In my view，practicing handwriting is of great significance to the students growth.5.We have no alternative but to go(go) on.6.Marty has been working(work) really hard on his book an

28、d he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.7.The escaped prisoner got arrested(arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.8.Nothing in the room is in a mess，so I think they couldnt have searched it.9.Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to visit th

29、e old tower dating(date) back to the eleventh century.10.She had almost reached her destination when something arrested her attention and she braked sharply.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1. that you are chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games，what will you do?2. is assumed that global warming and

30、climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.3.It rained heavily in the south， serious flooding in several provinces.4.Johnsons best friend was arrested in Australia carrying a false passport.5.Im sorry to interrupt with you，but I have something very important to tell you.6.Only stud

31、ents at swimming can take up this activity.教材与语法填空A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist 1.is showing(show) them round.The archaeologists 2.have been excavating(excavate) here for many years.After 3.finding(find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects，they thin