7A版考研英语二真题与答案.docx

1、7A版考研英语二真题与答案2018年研究生入学考试英语（二）试题SectionUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordi

2、ngtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowisstrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.InaseriesofeGperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinschoolofBusinesstestedstudentswillingnessto4themselvestounpleas

3、antstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviouseGperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwithpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.7left

4、aloneintheroom.Thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewthatwould8.SubsequenteGperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthe

5、sameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinctitcan12newscientificadvances,forinstancebutsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.InafinaleG

6、periment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughononescuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegati

7、veeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,dontreadonlinecomments.1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve2.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret3.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead4.A.alertB.eGposeC.tieD.treat5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt7.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Though8.A.cha

8、ngeB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.suchasB.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget11.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling12.A.beginwithB.restonC.leadtoD.learnfrom13.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destr

9、uctive15.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist16.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict17.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty19.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategiesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfour

10、teGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)TeGt1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisno

11、tsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikeChain?AsKoziatekknow,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearn

12、geometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthesalsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype.thatitsforkidswhocantmakeitacademica

13、lly,”hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmericasevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachel

14、orsdegreesforallandthesubtledevaluingofanythinglessmissesanimportantpoint:ThatsnottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelorsdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytra

15、ined.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostarentequippedtodothem.KoziateksManchesterSchoolofTech

16、nologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziateksschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganationsdiversityofgifts.21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudentslackof.A.academictrainingB.practicalabilityC.pioneeringspiritD.mechanicalmemorization22.ThereeGiststhepreju

17、dicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.A.haveastereotypedmindB.havenocareermotivationC.arefinanciallydisadvantagedD.arenotacademicallysuccessful23.wecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.A.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesB.usedtohavebigfinancialconcernsC.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

18、D.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsB.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsC.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducationD.iseGpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce25.TheauthorsattitudetowardKoziateksschoolcanbedescribedas.A.tol

19、erantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedTeGt2Whilefossilfuelscoal，oil，gasstillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworldsenergysupply,itsclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld：Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersource

20、sgoingonline.Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables，especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmany

21、partsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland，foreGample，windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead，notablyChinaandEurope，theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，forthefirsttime，windandsolarpoweraccountedformo

22、rethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS，reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuelsespeciallycoalasthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa，hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa，wherewindturbinesdotthe

23、fieldsandprovide36percentofthestateselectricitygenerationandwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesntbloworthesundoesntshine?”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatterie

24、sismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers，whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whiletheresalongwaytogo，th

25、etrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoesordoesntdotopromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.26.Theword“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)isclosestinm

26、eaningto.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.AccordingtoParagraph3，theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.A.isprogressingnotablyB.isaseGtensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpractical28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.A.windisawidelyusedenergysourceB.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.tec

27、hgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.ItssustainableeGploitationwillremaindiffic

28、ult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscostTeGt3ThepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishingAmazonhas

29、justannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn，buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice，whichdoesnthaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusersfriendshipsandsociallives.Facebookpromise

30、dtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities，butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages，theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist，whatpartywhip，wouldnotwanttoknowthe

31、makeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMaysenemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswith