时态.docx

1、时态动词的时态一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.，twice a week 2) 客观事实，普遍真理。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现

2、在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 5主将从现主句用将来时 从句用现在时 I will tell you if Li Ming comes Ill e-mail you as soon as I get to Beijing. 6)表示按计划,规定要发生的动作,但仅限于少数动词 如:begin, come, leave, go等 The meeti

3、ng begins at seven. 表达方法主要通过谓语动词的变化和用时间词语来表示，其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。现在一般时动词变化的规则是： 1. 如果主语是名词复数和非第三人称单数，谓语动词不用做任何变化We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。 My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每周给妹妹十元钱。 2.主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。 3.谓语动词的变化规律是： (1) 在动词后加-s，-es reads， writes， say

4、s (2) 以s，x，ch，sh，o 结尾的词加-es teaches， washes， guesses (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es tries， carries (4) 特殊变化的词 be (是) - am, is, are have (有) - have, has I, we, you, they, 名词复数都用have she/he/it is, 名词单数都用 has (5) can, may, must, need, ought to 等，后面接动词原形。 Lucy is at home now. 露茜现在在家。 We have six classes every

5、 day. 我们每天上六节课。 I often get up at 6:30. 我经常6:30起床。 Jack likes Chinese food very much. 杰克很喜欢中国饮食。 We can see some pictures on the wall. 我们能看到墙上的画。 4.现在一般时常用的时间词语 sometimes/usually/often, every dayweek, year, now , always 否定句型1.谓语动词或助动词是 be、have、can/may/must 等，在将助动词后加not. I am not at college. Mr. Wang

6、 isnt 50 years old. The Jackson doesnt have two sons. You can not understand the sentence. 2.谓语动词是实义动词，在谓语动词前加do not 或does not，谓语动词用动词原型。 I dont have lunch at home. They dont play basketball on the sports ground. Jimmy doesnt know French. 疑问句型1.对于谓语动词或助动词是 be、have、can/may/must 等，将这些词移到主语前面。 Does the

7、 house have two rooms? Yes,it does / No, it doesnt. Is there any water in the glass? Yes, there is. / No, there isnt. Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. 2.谓语动词是实义动词，方法是在主语前加助动词do或does构成，句中动词要改用原型动词。do 用于第一人称和名词复数，does 用于第三人称单数和名词单数或不可数名词。 Does she know it？Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. Do the

8、y play basketball after school? Yes, they do. / No, they dont. 表示将来在一些情况下，一般现在时能用来表示将来时。 1. 谓语动词是：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,live,fly 等，可以表示将来发生的动作。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2. 在时间或条件从句中，一般要用一般现在时表示将来，而不用一般将来时。 Wh

9、en Bill comes , ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 3. 谓语动词是 hope, take care that, make sure that 等后的宾语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 4.这种时态可以和一个时间短语连用以表示已确定的、对将来的安排： 如：The boys

10、start school on Monday男孩们星期一开学。 I leave tonight我今天晚上动身。 5.这一用法代替了较常用的现在进行时态： 如：The bys are starting school on Monday男孩儿们星期一就要开学了。 Im leaving tonight我今天晚上就动身。 6.这两种时态之间的差别是： （1）一般现在时比现在进行时具有的个人色彩更少： Im leaving tonight通常可能含有我决定离开的意思，但I leave tonight可指这是计划的一部分，但计划不一定是我订的。 （2）一般现在时要比现在进行时听起来更为正式。计划开办一个新

11、分店的百货商店很可能说Our new branch opens next week（本店新设分店下周开业），而不说Our new branch is opening next week。 （3）现在进行时显得累赘的地方就用一般现在时，例如在谈到像旅程安排那样的一系列预定的将来的动作时，可以这样说： We leave at six，arrive in Dublin at ten and take the plane on 我们6点出发，10点到达都柏林，并在乘飞机 而不说： We are leaving at six，arriving in Dublin at ten and taking th

12、e plane on然而要注意，在像My train leaves at six（我常乘坐的火车6点开）这样的句子中，用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，这里就不能用现在进行时来代替。 编辑本段表示过去1.用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间： John tells me you will leave tomorrow. 约翰告诉我你明天离开。 I hear that he got married again last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。 Mary says that you told her to come over h

13、ere. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。 2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时： The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。 The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习

14、惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3）句型： It is time for sb. to do sth到时间了该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该了 It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (ha

15、d) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow. 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较： 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着) Mrs. Da

16、rby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. 2）情态动词 could, would. Cou ld you lend me your

17、 bike? 11.3 used to / be used to used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。 Mother used not to be so forgetful. Scarf used to take a walk.(过去常常散步) be used to + doing： 对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。 He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步) 典型例题 - Your phone number again? I

18、 _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant 答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。 一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将

19、做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3)be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.

20、 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to / will用于条件句时， be going to表将来 will表意愿 If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. be to和be go

21、ing tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) 一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does t

22、he bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus i s coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I

23、hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 用现在进行时表示将来意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 Im leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续

24、到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。 比较过去时与现在完成时1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already,

25、recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例： I saw this film yesterday

26、. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a Lea

27、gue member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -Hes already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yes terday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his

28、parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于现在完成时的句型1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Iv

29、e (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。 典型例题 (1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, comeB. even, have comeC. ever, comeD. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。 注意：非延