时态.docx

1、时态时态一般说来，发生在现在的事情用现在的时态进行描述；发生在过去的事情就用过去的时态进行描述；将要发生的事情用将来的时态进行描述。英语中的时态共计16种，但最常用的有12种。（初中接触了6种）现在过去将来过去将来一般Do/doesDid Will do(am, is, are) going to doWould/should do(was/were) going to do进行Am/is/are doingWas/were doingWill/shall be doingWould/should be doing完成Have/has doneHad doneShall/will have d

2、oneShould/would have done完成进行时Have/has been doingHad been doingShall/will have been doingShould/would have been doing回顾初中所学的六种时态：一般现在时A. 一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的性质、动作或状态的时态表示可客观真理、客观存在及自然现象Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。B. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作，或经常存在的状态Where do you live and where do yo

3、u work? 你住在什么地方？在哪里工作？What does your brother do? 你哥哥是干什么的？C. 用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将要哦发生的动作If you speak slowly,I can understand; if you speak fast, I cant. 你说慢了我听的懂；说快了我听不懂。If it doesnt rain, well go on a picnic as planned. 如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。D. 表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的事情或要发生的动作常用于这种情况的动词有come, go, run, start, be

4、gin, return, leave, take等。句中常有表示将来时间的状语The final exam takes place next week. 期末考试下周举行。E. 表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。2）现在进行时A. 表示说话时正在进行尚未完成的动作或状态 这种情况下常与now, at this moment, these days, at present等时间状语连用The telephone is ringing, would you answer it, please?

5、 电话在响，拟能否接一下？What are you doing now, Bob? Grandma is asking to see you. 鲍勃，你在干什么？奶奶要见你。B. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行George is working on a new book about stories in schools. 乔治在写一本关于校园故事的新书。I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation. 这个暑假我在农场上帮爸爸。C. 表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复The boy is jumping with

6、 great joy at the sight of this mother. 一看到妈妈，小男孩就高兴地不停地跳。Someone is knocking at the door. It might be the postman. 有人在敲门，可能是邮递员。D. 用于时间或条件状语从句中在时间、条件等状语从句中代替将来进行时If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please. 他来时如果我还在睡觉，请叫醒我。E. 现在进行时表即将有些瞬时动词用于进行时态，往往表示“即将”，常与表示将来时间的状语连用。这类动词有come, go, leave,

7、start, begin, stop, arrive, stay, return, take等Are you staying in America for a week? 你将在美国呆一周吗？I am taking my daughter to the Central Park this Sunday. 这个周六我将带女儿去中央公园。3）一般过去时A. 表示过去完成的事或存在的状态Tom suddenly fell ill yesterday and had to stay home for another day.昨天汤姆突然病了，只好再在家里呆一天。She looked very well

8、 when I last saw her.上次我见到她的时候，她看上去气色很好。常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：last year/yesterday/just now/last night/in 2002/at that time/at that moment/the other day/a few days ago/in the past/then/the day before yesterdayB. 表示过去经常、反复发生的动作表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与always, usually, often, sometimes, never等时间状语连用I always got up t

9、oo late, and never had enough time for breakfast. 我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。C. since后面的从句一般用一般过去时You havent changed much since we last met. 自从上次我们见面以来，你变化不大。Its three years since he went abroad. 他出国已经三年了。4）过去进行时A. 表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作When he called me, I was having dinner. 他给我打电话时，我在吃饭。I was washing the dis

10、hes while mother was clearing away the table. 我在洗盘子，妈妈在收拾桌子。常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有：at that time/at five yesterday/then/this time yesterday/the whole morning/last nightB. 表示在过去某一时间内进行的动作They were expecting you yesterday, but you didnt turn up. 他们昨天一直在等你，可你没来。We were working from two or four yesterday aftern

11、oon. 昨天下午我们从两点到四点一直在工作。C. 表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行When you phoned yesterday, I was playing computer chess. 你昨天打电话时，我正在电脑上下棋。D. 表示过去将要发生的动作表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，这种用法常见于come/go/start/leave/stay/arrive等动词He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 他告诉我他明天将要去上海。5）一般将来时A. 一般将来时的基本形式“will/shall+动词原形”表示一个将要发

12、生的动作或状态。在书面语中，主语是I或we时，常用shall,也可用will.在口语中，will可用于各种人称，即will的用法较广，而shall的用法有被will替代的趋势Itll soon be Christmas and the New Year.很快就到圣诞节和新年了。I will/shall see you tomorrow about the new plan.明天我去找你谈谈新计划的事。常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：next time/tomorrow/tomorrow evening/the day after tomorrow/this afternoon/next yea

13、r/before long/in the future/soon一般将来时的其它表达方式be going to表示将来Be going to结构在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事，必然或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象Im going to gather some materials about Picasso. 我打算收集一些有关毕加索的材料。be doing表示将来常用于这种结构的主要是一些短暂性动词，如go/come/leave/start/begin等。这种用法往往指安排好要做的事情，很少变更Im doing my experiment tomorrow. 明天我要做实验。S

14、hes leaving early tomorrow morning. 明天她很早就出发。be to do表示将来这种结构表示安计划中约定的或按职责、义务、要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作The American President is to visit China next week. 美国总统下周来访问中国。The meeting is to take place early tomorrow. 会议明天一早召开。be about to do表示将来这一结构用于表示客观上马上就要发生的事，一般不与具体的时间状语连用Dont go out, were about to have dinne

15、r. 别出去了，我们很快就吃饭了。The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。一般现在时表将来除了条件句和时间状语从句，主句中有时也可用一般现在时表将来，表示按计划安排将要发生的事，这种安排不可更改或不能随意变动The sports meeting takes place on October 18. 运动会将于十月十八日举行。The train leaves at eight every morning from this station. 火车每头早晨八点从本站出发。6）现在完成时A. 强调过去的行为对现在的影像表示说话之前已经完成的动作，

16、而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影像。常与already/yet/now/just/by this time/lately/recently，等笼统的表示过去的时间状语连用He has already phoned me about the theft. 他已经给我来电话说过有关偷窃的事了。The train hasnt gone yet. 火车还没走呢。B. 表示过去的某一动作一直持续到现在表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态I have traveled to most of the cities in China since five years ago. 五年来我已

17、游遍了中国的大多数城市。How have you been recently with your new work? 你的新工作最近怎么样？C. 表示经历过的事情表示过去的一种经历，这种经历不可能被埋没或否定，常与often/never/ever/only/twice/before/since等时间状语连用I have only been to the Great Wall once. 我仅去过长城一次。He has lived here since he came here. 自从他来这里以来就住在这里了。*完成时中要注意动词的延续和非延续动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延

18、续性动词和非延续性动词A. 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。如：work, stand, know, walk, keep, have, wait, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语：for+时间；since从句I have lived here for ten years. 我在这里生活了10年了。She slept eight hours yesterday. 她昨天睡了8个小时。B. 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, die, close, begin,

19、finish, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock.但不能和表示时间状语连用。如：He died ten years ago. 不能说：He died for ten years.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。如：I havent left here for 3 years.I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 【牛刀小试】写出下列动词的延续性动词形式1. leave be away 2. borrow keep3. buy have

20、4. begin/start be on5. die be dead 6. finishbe over7. Fall ill be ill 8. get up be up9. become be 10. come back be back11. Fall asleep be asleep 12. get to/arrive/reach be (in)13. leavebe away from 14. get to know know15. Put onwear 16. catch a cold have a cold17. Get married be married 18. joinbe i

21、n +机构 be a member of常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already/yet/now/just/today/this week/recently/lately/often/never/ever/only twice【随即随练】语法填空(最多可填三个单词)1. We go (go) to school everyday.2. When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I thought (think) I would be happy there.3. His children enjoy (enjoy) watching

22、cartoons.4. -Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you. - Never mind. I will post (post) it myself5. Tom helps (help) his mother with housework on Sundays.6. So have you achieved (achieve) any of your goals?7. They are playing (play) table tennis now.8. He must have sensed that I was looking （look）

23、at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you starting at me like that?”9. We were having (have) a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.10. What are you girls whispering (whisper) about?11. In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains has forced (force) vill

24、age shops across the country to close.12. The doctor praised (praise) our daughter for her courage this morning.7）现在完成进行时A. 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文而定这种时态多用持续性动词，如live/learn/lie/stay/wait/sit/stand/rest/study等，常和all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morn

25、ing等状语以及since和for所引导的时间状语连用。What have you been doing all the time? 这半天你一直在干什么？（动作可能继续下去）I have been fixing the fridge all the morning. 我一上午都在修理冰箱。（动作可能会继续下去）Have you been working long for me? 你等我很久了吗？（动作不再继续）B. 现在完成时表示重复动作有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复Youve been saying you can succeed for fiv

26、e years. 五年来你一直在说你能成功。I have been visiting some cities of China this month. 这个月我一直在访问中国的几个城市.C. 现在完成进行时表示刚才或近来发生的动作，一般不再继续。此时一般通过上下文的语境进行判断My hands are dirty, Ive been painting the door. 我的手很脏，我一直在漆门。What have you been eating to get as fat as this? 你都吃什么啦，怎么这么胖？D. 现在完成进行时表示感情色彩现在完成进行时带有强烈的感情色彩I have

27、 been wanting to meet you for a long time. 和你见面是我盼望已久的事了。Too much has been happening today. 今天真是一个多事的日子。8）过去将来时A. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中Last week he promised that he would come, but he hasnt arrived until now.上周他答应来的，可现在还没到。He said that he would wait for me at the gate. 他说他将在

28、大门口等我。B. 过去将来时的其它表达方式与一般将来时一样，只是有关动词要改为过去时的形式You were going to give me your address but you didnt. 你准备给我你的地址的，可你当时没给我。Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later. 格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷。9）过去完成时过去完成时主要用来指过去某一特定时间以前已完成的行为A. 描述过去某一时间之前已完成的事情表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻常用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句

29、来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示Jane had left before I arrived. 我到之前简就走了。I had just finished half of the work by yesterday. 到昨天为止我刚完成了一半任务。常与过去完成时连用的时间状语：by the end of last week/since he left/by that time/before that year/long before/before I arrived/when I arrived B. 用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算动词hope/wish/plan/want/mea

30、n/intend/attempt/thought等表示“打算、计划、希望、试图、认为”等的动词用于过去完成时表示“本打算（本计划、本希望、本认为）做而未做”I had hoped to be back last night, but I didnt catch the train. 我本希望昨晚回来的，但没赶上火车。I had intended to come to the party, but I was busy. 我本打算去参加宴会的，可太忙了。10）将来完成时A. 现在将来完成时的用法现在将来完成时主要用于在将来某点时间将会完成的动作，并常对将来的某一时间产生影响。往往与表示将来的时间

31、状语连用We shall have finished the project by the end of this year. 我们将在今年年底完成这项任务。They will have moved to the new house when it has been painted. 房子粉刷好后，他们就会搬进新家。B. 过去将来完成时的用法过去将来完成时主要用于以过去某点时间未参照，表达到过去某一时刻将会完成的事情My father said he would have come back by the end of next week. 父亲说他下个周就会回来的。I thought he would have finished his homework before tomorrow. 我原以为他会在明天之前完成作业的。【活学活用】语法填空1. They said they were going